Adults

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure: Initial dose of 10 mg once daily in the morning, with or without food. May be increased to 25 mg once daily based on glycemic control and tolerability. Chronic Kidney Disease: 10 mg once daily.

Elderly

No dose adjustment is required based on age alone. However, monitor renal function.

Renal_impairment

eGFR 30 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m²: Initiate or continue with 10 mg once daily. eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²: Not recommended to initiate. For patients already on empagliflozin, continue 10 mg once daily until dialysis is initiated.

Onset

Glucose-lowering effects within hours of administration.

Excretion

Approximately 54% excreted in feces and 41% in urine.

Half life

Approximately 10-13 hours.

Absorption

Rapidly absorbed, with peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) reached approximately 1.5 hours post-dose.

Metabolism

Primarily metabolized by glucuronidation via UGT enzymes.

Lithium

SGLT2 inhibitors may decrease serum lithium concentrations. Monitor lithium levels if co-administered.

Diuretics

Increased risk of dehydration and hypotension.

Insulin and Insulin Secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas)

Increased risk of hypoglycemia when co-administered. A lower dose of insulin or sulfonylurea may be required.