Adrin
Generic Name
Epinephrine (Adrenaline) 1 mg/ml Injection
Manufacturer
Acme Pharmaceuticals (Hypothetical Manufacturer)
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| adrin 1 mg injection | ৳ 25.08 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Epinephrine is a potent sympathomimetic agent used in the emergency treatment of severe acute allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), cardiac arrest, and other emergency situations requiring vasoconstriction or bronchodilation.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Anaphylaxis: 0.3 to 0.5 mg (0.3 to 0.5 ml of 1 mg/ml solution) IM. Cardiac Arrest: 1 mg (1 ml of 1 mg/ml solution) IV every 3-5 minutes. Severe Asthma: 0.3-0.5 mg SC.
Elderly
Use with caution due to increased risk of side effects; lower doses may be required.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment is generally required, but monitor cardiovascular status carefully.
How to Take
Can be administered intramuscularly (IM), subcutaneously (SC), intravenously (IV), or by nebulization. For anaphylaxis, IM injection into the anterolateral thigh is preferred. IV administration is typically reserved for cardiac arrest or under close monitoring in other severe emergencies.
Mechanism of Action
Epinephrine acts on both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. Its alpha-adrenergic effects include vasoconstriction, which increases peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure. Beta-adrenergic effects include increased heart rate, myocardial contractility, and bronchodilation.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Seconds (IV), minutes (IM/SC).
Excretion
Excreted primarily in the urine as inactive metabolites.
Half life
Very short, approximately 1-2 minutes.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed after intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injection. Intravenous (IV) administration provides immediate onset.
Metabolism
Rapidly metabolized in the liver and other tissues by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to epinephrine or any component of the formulation.
- Closed-angle glaucoma (relative contraindication for non-emergency use).
- Shock (other than anaphylactic shock).
- During general anesthesia with halogenated hydrocarbons or cyclopropane (due to increased risk of arrhythmias).
- Not for use in digits, nose, ears, or genitalia due to risk of ischemia and necrosis.
Drug Interactions
Digoxin
Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
Beta-blockers
Can block the beta-adrenergic effects of epinephrine, leading to unopposed alpha-adrenergic effects (e.g., severe hypertension, bradycardia).
Alpha-adrenergic blockers
Can reverse the pressor effects of epinephrine.
Halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetics
Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and MAO Inhibitors
Can potentiate the pressor effects of epinephrine, leading to hypertensive crisis and arrhythmias.
Storage
Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C), protect from light. Do not refrigerate or freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include severe hypertension, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, cerebral hemorrhage, and pulmonary edema. Management involves supportive care, including alpha-blockers for severe hypertension and beta-blockers for severe tachycardia or arrhythmias.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Use in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Epinephrine can decrease uterine blood flow. Excreted into breast milk, but generally considered safe due to rapid metabolism and low oral bioavailability for the infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 18-24 months, refer to product labeling for specific shelf life.
Availability
Hospitals, Pharmacies, Emergency medical services
Approval Status
Approved and widely used globally
Patent Status
Generic (off-patent)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Epinephrine's efficacy in anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest is well-established through extensive clinical experience and historical use. Ongoing research focuses on optimal dosing, routes, and specific populations rather than primary efficacy.
Lab Monitoring
- Blood pressure
- Heart rate
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Blood glucose (especially in diabetics)
Doctor Notes
- Always verify concentration (1:1000 for IM, 1:10000 for IV in cardiac arrest) before administration to avoid dosing errors.
- Avoid accidental intravascular injection; aspirate before IM administration.
- Monitor patient closely for cardiovascular effects (heart rate, blood pressure, ECG).
Patient Guidelines
- Epinephrine injection is for emergency use only and should be administered by trained personnel or as directed by a healthcare professional.
- If an auto-injector is prescribed for self-administration, ensure proper training on its use and storage.
- Always check the expiration date and ensure the solution is clear and colorless.
Missed Dose Advice
Epinephrine is an emergency medication administered as needed. A 'missed dose' concept does not typically apply.
Driving Precautions
Not applicable during an acute emergency. After recovery, no specific restrictions are imposed by the drug itself.
Lifestyle Advice
- Identify and avoid known allergens.
- Carry your epinephrine auto-injector at all times if prescribed for anaphylaxis risk.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.