Albutrim
Generic Name
Co-trimoxazole (Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim)
Manufacturer
XYZ Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| albutrim 200 mg suspension | ৳ 20.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Albutrim 200 mg Suspension is an antibacterial medication containing a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. It is used to treat various bacterial infections, particularly those affecting the respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For specific indications, 20 mL (4 teaspoonfuls) of suspension every 12 hours, though tablet forms are usually preferred for adults. (Standard adult dose typically: Sulfamethoxazole 800 mg and Trimethoprim 160 mg every 12 hours).
Elderly
Dose adjustments may be necessary due to potential age-related decrease in renal function.
Children
Children (6 weeks to 5 months): 2.5 mL every 12 hours; (6 months to 5 years): 5 mL every 12 hours; (6 to 12 years): 10 mL every 12 hours. Dosage should be based on trimethoprim component, 6-12 mg/kg/day in two divided doses, not exceeding adult dosage.
Renal_impairment
Dosage reduction is required for patients with creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min. Not recommended if creatinine clearance < 15 mL/min.
How to Take
For oral administration. Shake well before use. May be taken with or without food, but taking with food can minimize gastrointestinal upset. Drink plenty of fluids to prevent crystalluria.
Mechanism of Action
Sulfamethoxazole inhibits bacterial dihydrofolic acid synthesis by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Trimethoprim inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, preventing the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. This sequential blockade of folic acid synthesis leads to a synergistic antibacterial effect.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Antibacterial effect typically observed within 1 to 4 hours.
Excretion
Excreted mainly by the kidneys through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.
Half life
Trimethoprim: 8-10 hours; Sulfamethoxazole: 10-12 hours.
Absorption
Rapid and almost complete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.
Metabolism
Primarily hepatic metabolism (sulfamethoxazole is N4-acetylated, trimethoprim undergoes oxidation).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, or any component
- Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency
- Severe hepatic or renal impairment
- Porphyria
- Infants less than 6 weeks of age
- Pregnancy (late term) and lactation (due to risk of kernicterus in neonates)
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May increase anticoagulant effect, requiring close INR monitoring.
Phenytoin
May increase phenytoin levels.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate levels and toxicity (e.g., bone marrow suppression), especially in elderly.
Diuretics (Thiazide/Loop)
Increased risk of thrombocytopenia with purpura, especially in elderly.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of acute overdose include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, mental depression, and confusion. Chronic overdose can lead to bone marrow depression (e.g., thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, megaloblastic anemia). Treatment involves gastric lavage or emesis, forced diuresis, and acidification of urine. Leucovorin may be administered to counteract folate deficiency effects.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Category D for pregnancy (risk of neural tube defects in early pregnancy; risk of kernicterus in late pregnancy). Avoid in late pregnancy and during breastfeeding due to the risk of kernicterus in neonates. Use only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus or infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24-36 months for unopened bottle. Once opened, use within 14 days.
Availability
Available in pharmacies worldwide
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensively studied and widely used for decades. Numerous clinical trials have confirmed its efficacy and safety profile across various bacterial infections. Ongoing research focuses on resistance patterns and new applications.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential, especially for prolonged therapy
- Renal function tests (BUN, creatinine)
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST)
- Serum potassium levels (risk of hyperkalemia)
Doctor Notes
- Assess renal function before initiating treatment and during prolonged therapy.
- Advise patients to maintain adequate fluid intake.
- Be vigilant for signs of hypersensitivity reactions or blood dyscrasias.
- Consider folate supplementation in high-risk patients (e.g., elderly, malnourished, or those on prolonged therapy) to mitigate bone marrow suppression.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the full prescribed course of medication, even if symptoms improve.
- Drink plenty of fluids while taking this medication to prevent kidney stone formation.
- Do not share this medication with others.
- Report any severe rash, fever, sore throat, or unusual bruising/bleeding to your doctor immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
This medication may cause dizziness or drowsiness in some individuals. Exercise caution when driving or operating machinery until you know how it affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good personal hygiene to prevent infections.
- Consume a balanced diet to support overall health.
Alternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.