Albutrim
Generic Name
Sulfamethoxazole 800 mg and Trimethoprim 160 mg
Manufacturer
Generic Pharmaceutical Company
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| albutrim 800 mg tablet | ৳ 2.00 | ৳ 20.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Albutrim 800 mg Tablet is a combination antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and certain types of pneumonia. It contains sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, which work together to kill bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Standard adult dose for moderate to severe infections is one Albutrim 800 mg/160 mg tablet every 12 hours for 10-14 days, depending on the infection. For Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis, one 800/160 mg tablet daily.
Elderly
Dosage adjustment may be necessary in elderly patients, especially those with impaired renal function. Monitor renal function closely.
Renal_impairment
Dose reduction or increased dosing interval is required. For creatinine clearance 15-30 mL/min, half the usual dose. For creatinine clearance <15 mL/min, generally not recommended.
How to Take
Oral administration. Take with a full glass of water, with or without food. Taking with food may help reduce stomach upset. Maintain adequate fluid intake to prevent crystalluria.
Mechanism of Action
Sulfamethoxazole inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate synthesis by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Trimethoprim inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. This sequential blockade in the bacterial folic acid pathway results in synergistic antibacterial action, leading to bactericidal effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Typically within 1 hour after administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted by the kidneys through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. A small amount is excreted in feces.
Half life
Sulfamethoxazole: 9-11 hours; Trimethoprim: 8-10 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and extensively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (approximately 90% bioavailability for both components). Peak plasma concentrations occur 1-4 hours after oral administration.
Metabolism
Both components are metabolized in the liver. Sulfamethoxazole undergoes N4-acetylation and glucuronidation. Trimethoprim undergoes oxidative metabolism.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Hypersensitivity to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, or any sulfonamide derivative
- •Severe renal or hepatic impairment
- •Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency
- •Pregnancy (especially third trimester) and lactation in infants <2 months
- •Infants less than 2 months of age (risk of kernicterus)
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Increased anticoagulant effect, leading to increased bleeding risk.
Phenytoin
Increased phenytoin levels due to inhibition of its metabolism.
Cyclosporine
Decreased cyclosporine levels and increased nephrotoxicity.
Methotrexate
Increased methotrexate levels and toxicity due to competitive inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase.
Diuretics (especially thiazides)
Increased risk of thrombocytopenia in elderly patients.
Potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs
Increased risk of hyperkalemia.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and mental depression. In chronic overdose, bone marrow depression may occur. Treatment is supportive; gastric lavage, emesis, and forced diuresis with alkalinization of urine may be helpful. Folinic acid may be administered to counteract trimethoprim's effects on folate metabolism.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D. Should be avoided during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester (potential for birth defects) and third trimester (risk of kernicterus in the newborn). Excreted in breast milk; avoid during lactation, particularly in infants <2 months or those with G6PD deficiency.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic available (Patent expired)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesAlternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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