Amoxyclavulanic
Generic Name
amoxyclavulanic-500-mg-tablet
Manufacturer
Various generic manufacturers worldwide
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| amoxyclavulanic 500 mg tablet | ৳ 35.00 | ৳ 210.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Amoxiclavulanic 500 mg tablet is an antibiotic combining amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. It is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections by overcoming bacterial resistance, making amoxicillin effective against bacteria that would otherwise be resistant.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Standard dose: 500 mg Amoxicillin/125 mg Clavulanic Acid taken orally every 8-12 hours for 7-10 days, depending on the severity and type of infection. Higher doses (875 mg/125 mg) may be used for more severe infections.
Elderly
Dosage similar to adults, but renal function should be assessed and dose adjusted if necessary.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance 10-30 mL/min, 500 mg/125 mg every 12 hours. For creatinine clearance <10 mL/min, 500 mg/125 mg every 24 hours. Hemodialysis patients should receive an additional dose during and after dialysis.
How to Take
Administer orally at the start of a meal to minimize potential gastrointestinal intolerance and enhance absorption. Tablets should be swallowed whole with water.
Mechanism of Action
Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to cell lysis and death. Clavulanic acid irreversibly inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria, which would otherwise inactivate amoxicillin, thereby extending amoxicillin's antibacterial spectrum.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Clinical improvement typically observed within a few days, depending on the type and severity of infection.
Excretion
Amoxicillin is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys (50-70% within 6 hours). Clavulanic acid is also excreted renally (25-40% unchanged), with the remainder excreted as metabolites.
Half life
Amoxicillin: approximately 1-1.5 hours. Clavulanic Acid: approximately 1 hour.
Absorption
Rapid and well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations achieved within 1-2 hours. Food may reduce gastrointestinal upset but does not significantly affect absorption.
Metabolism
Amoxicillin is partially metabolized (10-25%). Clavulanic acid is extensively metabolized to inactive compounds.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, or any other beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins).
- History of amoxicillin-clavulanate associated jaundice or hepatic dysfunction.
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Concomitant use of probenecid delays renal excretion of amoxicillin but not clavulanic acid, leading to increased and prolonged plasma levels of amoxicillin.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal tubular secretion of methotrexate.
Oral Contraceptives
Amoxicillin/clavulanate may reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; advise patients to use additional barrier methods of contraception.
Warfarin and other oral anticoagulants
May prolong prothrombin time (INR), requiring careful monitoring and dose adjustment of anticoagulants.
Storage
Store below 30°C (86°F) in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose usually include gastrointestinal upset (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and fluid/electrolyte imbalance. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Hemodialysis can effectively remove amoxicillin and clavulanic acid from the circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. While studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are excreted in small amounts in breast milk; generally considered compatible with breastfeeding, but monitor breastfed infants for diarrhea, candidiasis, or skin rash.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- History of severe hypersensitivity reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, or any other beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., penicillins, cephalosporins).
- History of amoxicillin-clavulanate associated jaundice or hepatic dysfunction.
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Concomitant use of probenecid delays renal excretion of amoxicillin but not clavulanic acid, leading to increased and prolonged plasma levels of amoxicillin.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate toxicity due to reduced renal tubular secretion of methotrexate.
Oral Contraceptives
Amoxicillin/clavulanate may reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives; advise patients to use additional barrier methods of contraception.
Warfarin and other oral anticoagulants
May prolong prothrombin time (INR), requiring careful monitoring and dose adjustment of anticoagulants.
Storage
Store below 30°C (86°F) in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose usually include gastrointestinal upset (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and fluid/electrolyte imbalance. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Hemodialysis can effectively remove amoxicillin and clavulanic acid from the circulation.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. While studies in animals have not shown harm to the fetus, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are excreted in small amounts in breast milk; generally considered compatible with breastfeeding, but monitor breastfed infants for diarrhea, candidiasis, or skin rash.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2 to 3 years from the manufacturing date when stored correctly.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies globally
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Numerous clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of amoxicillin/clavulanate against a broad spectrum of bacterial infections since its introduction. Ongoing surveillance studies confirm its continued relevance.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin) should be performed periodically during prolonged therapy, especially in patients with a history of hepatic dysfunction.
- Renal function tests (creatinine clearance) in patients with impaired kidney function to guide dose adjustment.
- Complete blood count (CBC) may be monitored during long-term therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full course of therapy to patients to prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Carefully assess patient history for hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics before prescribing.
- Monitor liver function tests in patients receiving prolonged therapy or those with a history of hepatic impairment.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full prescribed course of treatment, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished, to prevent recurrence and development of antibiotic resistance.
- Take the medicine with a meal to reduce stomach upset.
- Do not share this medication with others, even if they have similar symptoms.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Generally does not impair ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if side effects like dizziness, headache, or allergic reactions occur, patients should avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid alcohol consumption, as it may exacerbate gastrointestinal side effects.
- Practice good hygiene to prevent spread or recurrence of infections.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.