Antivenom Bharat Serum
Generic Name
Snake Antivenom (Polyvalent)
Manufacturer
Bharat Serums and Vaccines Limited
Country
India
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Description
Overview of the medicine
Antivenom is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous snakebites. It is composed of antibodies that neutralize the venom's toxins.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
The initial dose of antivenom varies depending on the severity of envenomation. A typical starting dose is 5-10 vials, administered intravenously. Additional doses may be required based on clinical response and laboratory findings.
Elderly
Dosage adjustments may be necessary in elderly patients due to age-related changes in renal and hepatic function. Monitor closely for adverse reactions.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustments may be required in patients with renal impairment. Monitor renal function closely during antivenom administration.
How to Take
Antivenom is administered intravenously, preferably through a central venous catheter. The infusion rate should be adjusted based on the patient's tolerance.
Mechanism of Action
Antivenom contains specific antibodies that bind to snake venom toxins, neutralizing their effects and preventing further tissue damage. These antibodies promote the clearance of venom from the body.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
The onset of action is typically within 30 minutes to 1 hour after intravenous administration.
Excretion
The metabolites are excreted through the kidneys.
Half life
The half-life of antivenom varies depending on the specific product and the patient's condition, but it is generally between 12 and 24 hours.
Absorption
Antivenom is administered intravenously, resulting in rapid absorption and distribution throughout the body.
Metabolism
Antivenom antibodies are metabolized by the reticuloendothelial system.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to antivenom or equine serum.
- Severe allergic reactions to previous antivenom administration.
Drug Interactions
Beta-blockers
May mask the symptoms of anaphylaxis, making it difficult to recognize and treat. Use with caution.
ACE inhibitors
May increase the risk of angioedema. Monitor patients closely for signs of angioedema.
Storage
Store at 2-8°C (36-46°F). Protect from light.
Overdose
Overdose of antivenom is unlikely to cause serious adverse effects. However, it may increase the risk of serum sickness. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serum sickness.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Antivenom should be used during pregnancy and lactation only if the potential benefit justifies the risk to the fetus or infant. Consider the severity of the snakebite and the potential consequences of untreated envenomation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to antivenom or equine serum.
- Severe allergic reactions to previous antivenom administration.
Drug Interactions
Beta-blockers
May mask the symptoms of anaphylaxis, making it difficult to recognize and treat. Use with caution.
ACE inhibitors
May increase the risk of angioedema. Monitor patients closely for signs of angioedema.
Storage
Store at 2-8°C (36-46°F). Protect from light.
Overdose
Overdose of antivenom is unlikely to cause serious adverse effects. However, it may increase the risk of serum sickness. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of serum sickness.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Antivenom should be used during pregnancy and lactation only if the potential benefit justifies the risk to the fetus or infant. Consider the severity of the snakebite and the potential consequences of untreated envenomation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years
Availability
Hospitals, Clinics, Pharmacies
Approval Status
DGDA Approved
Patent Status
Off-Patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy and safety of antivenom in treating snakebite envenomation.
Lab Monitoring
- Coagulation studies (PT, aPTT, fibrinogen)
- Platelet count
- Renal function tests (BUN, creatinine)
Doctor Notes
- Monitor patients closely for signs of anaphylaxis during and after antivenom administration.
- Consider premedication with antihistamines and corticosteroids to reduce the risk of allergic reactions.
Patient Guidelines
- Report any signs of allergic reaction immediately.
- Stay hydrated during antivenom therapy.
- Follow-up with your doctor for monitoring of kidney function and coagulation parameters.
Missed Dose Advice
Since antivenom is administered in a hospital setting, missed doses are unlikely. If a dose is missed, consult with the treating physician immediately.
Driving Precautions
Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery if you experience dizziness or drowsiness after antivenom administration.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid strenuous activity during recovery.
- Maintain a healthy diet to support healing.
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