Apdox
Generic Name
Doxycycline 100 mg capsule
Manufacturer
ACI Pharmaceuticals Limited
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| apdox 100 mg capsule | ৳ 1.50 | ৳ 15.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Apdox 100 mg capsule contains Doxycycline, a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, sexually transmitted infections, and certain parasitic infections like malaria. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical dose is 100 mg twice daily or 200 mg once daily, depending on the infection. For severe infections, 200 mg on the first day, then 100 mg daily. For acne, 50-100 mg daily. Duration of treatment varies.
Elderly
No specific dosage adjustment is usually necessary, but caution is advised in patients with compromised liver function.
Renal_impairment
No dosage adjustment is required for patients with renal impairment, as doxycycline is primarily eliminated non-renally.
How to Take
Take the capsule orally with a full glass of water, preferably with food or milk to reduce gastric irritation. Do not lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking the medicine to prevent esophageal irritation. Do not crush or chew the capsule.
Mechanism of Action
Doxycycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing the attachment of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomal acceptor site. This action interferes with bacterial growth and multiplication, leading to a bacteriostatic effect.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Antibacterial effect typically observed within 1-2 hours of administration.
Excretion
Mainly excreted unchanged via the feces (biliary excretion) and to a lesser extent via urine (renal excretion). Renal impairment has little effect on its elimination half-life.
Half life
Approximately 16-24 hours, allowing for once or twice daily dosing.
Absorption
Well absorbed orally (90-100%), even in the presence of food (though dairy products can slightly reduce absorption). Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 1-3 hours.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver, but primarily excreted unchanged.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to doxycycline or other tetracyclines
- Severe hepatic impairment
- Children under 8 years of age (due to risk of permanent tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia)
- Pregnancy and lactation
Drug Interactions
Penicillins
May interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin. Avoid concomitant use.
Oral contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. Advise alternative birth control.
Warfarin and other anticoagulants
Doxycycline may enhance the anticoagulant effect. Monitor INR/PT.
Barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin
Can decrease doxycycline half-life, potentially reducing efficacy.
Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium / Iron preparations / Bismuth subsalicylate
Can decrease doxycycline absorption. Take doxycycline 2-3 hours before or after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Treatment is primarily supportive. Gastric lavage may be considered if ingestion is recent. Doxycycline is not readily removed by hemodialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Doxycycline is categorized as Pregnancy Category D. It can cause permanent discoloration of teeth and inhibition of bone growth in the fetus if taken during pregnancy. It is also excreted in breast milk and can affect bone and tooth development in infants. Therefore, it is generally contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to doxycycline or other tetracyclines
- Severe hepatic impairment
- Children under 8 years of age (due to risk of permanent tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia)
- Pregnancy and lactation
Drug Interactions
Penicillins
May interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin. Avoid concomitant use.
Oral contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. Advise alternative birth control.
Warfarin and other anticoagulants
Doxycycline may enhance the anticoagulant effect. Monitor INR/PT.
Barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin
Can decrease doxycycline half-life, potentially reducing efficacy.
Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium / Iron preparations / Bismuth subsalicylate
Can decrease doxycycline absorption. Take doxycycline 2-3 hours before or after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Treatment is primarily supportive. Gastric lavage may be considered if ingestion is recent. Doxycycline is not readily removed by hemodialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Doxycycline is categorized as Pregnancy Category D. It can cause permanent discoloration of teeth and inhibition of bone growth in the fetus if taken during pregnancy. It is also excreted in breast milk and can affect bone and tooth development in infants. Therefore, it is generally contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from the date of manufacture. Check the expiry date on the packaging.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Doxycycline has undergone extensive clinical trials for its various indications. Research continues to explore new applications, such as its anti-inflammatory properties in conditions like rosacea, and its potential in combination therapies.
Lab Monitoring
- For prolonged therapy, periodic laboratory evaluation of organ systems, including hematopoietic, renal, and hepatic studies, is advisable.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize strict adherence to the full course of treatment.
- Educate patients about photosensitivity and the need for sun protection.
- Advise patients to take with plenty of water and remain upright for at least 30 minutes after dosing to prevent esophageal injury.
- Caution against use in pregnant/lactating women and children under 8 years due to tooth discoloration risk.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the medicine with a full glass of water to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation.
- Avoid direct sunlight and use protective clothing/sunscreen due to photosensitivity.
- Finish the entire prescribed course of medicine, even if symptoms improve.
- Avoid taking antacids, iron supplements, or dairy products within 2-3 hours of taking doxycycline.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Doxycycline may cause dizziness or blurred vision in some individuals. Patients should be aware of how they react to the medicine before driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Practice safe sex to prevent sexually transmitted infections.
- Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight and artificial UV light.
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