Biotrim DS
Generic Name
Co-trimoxazole (Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim)
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| biotrim ds 800 mg tablet | ৳ 2.01 | ৳ 20.10 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Biotrim DS is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is a combination of two active ingredients, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, which work synergistically to inhibit bacterial growth.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For most infections, 1 DS tablet twice daily for 7-14 days.
Elderly
Dose adjustments may be necessary due to potential decreased renal function. Monitor renal function.
Renal_impairment
Requires dose reduction or extended dosing interval based on creatinine clearance.
How to Take
Take with a full glass of water, preferably after food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Complete the full course of treatment.
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (trimethoprim) and dihydropteroate synthase (sulfamethoxazole), blocking two consecutive steps in bacterial folic acid synthesis. This synergistic action leads to bactericidal effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Typically within 1-4 hours.
Excretion
Mainly excreted by the kidneys through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.
Half life
Sulfamethoxazole: 9-11 hours; Trimethoprim: 8-10 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Metabolism
Both components are metabolized in the liver, primarily by N4-acetylation (sulfamethoxazole) and oxidation (trimethoprim).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, or any sulfonamide
- Megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency
- Severe renal or hepatic impairment
- Infants less than 2 months of age
- Pregnancy (especially near term)
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Increased anticoagulant effect, leading to bleeding risk
Phenytoin
Increased phenytoin levels
Cyclosporine
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity
Methotrexate
Increased methotrexate levels and toxicity
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Increased risk of hyperkalemia
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture.
Overdose
Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, mental depression, and bone marrow depression. Management involves gastric lavage, supportive care, and monitoring for signs of toxicity. Folinic acid may be given to counteract trimethoprim's effects on folate metabolism.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D. Should be avoided during pregnancy, especially near term due to risk of kernicterus in the newborn. Excreted in breast milk, use with caution; generally not recommended for nursing mothers, especially for infants with G6PD deficiency or hyperbilirubinemia.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved in most countries for various bacterial infections
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensively studied and widely used for decades. Ongoing research focuses on resistance patterns and new applications.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) (especially with prolonged use)
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN)
- Liver function tests
- Potassium levels
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients to maintain adequate hydration.
- Monitor CBC and renal function, especially in elderly or long-term therapy.
- Be aware of drug interactions, particularly with warfarin and methotrexate.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve.
- Drink plenty of fluids to prevent kidney stone formation.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure and use sunscreen.
- Report any severe rash or allergic reactions immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness in some individuals; caution is advised while driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration.
- Avoid alcohol during treatment as it may exacerbate side effects.
- Follow doctor's advice on diet and activity.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.