Adults

1-2 teaspoonfuls (5-10 mL) 2-3 times daily, or as directed by a physician.

Elderly

Same as adult dosage, or as advised by a healthcare professional.

Renal_impairment

No specific dose adjustment required for mild to moderate impairment; consult a physician for severe cases.

Onset

Effects generally observed within days to weeks of consistent use, depending on the severity of deficiency.

Excretion

Excreted primarily via the kidneys in urine, often imparting a yellow color due to riboflavin.

Half life

Varies for individual B vitamins, generally short as water-soluble vitamins are not stored extensively.

Absorption

Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the small intestine.

Metabolism

Metabolized in the liver to their active coenzyme forms.

Levodopa

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) may reduce the effect of Levodopa.