Calium
Generic Name
calcium
Manufacturer
Various manufacturers (e.g., Square Pharmaceuticals, Beximco Pharmaceuticals, Incepta Pharmaceuticals)
Country
Global
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Description
Overview of the medicine
Calcium is an essential mineral required for many bodily functions, including bone formation, teeth strength, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. It is widely used as a dietary supplement to prevent or treat calcium deficiency.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Adults: 500 mg to 1000 mg elemental calcium daily, usually divided into 1-2 doses. Doses vary based on indication and dietary intake.
Elderly
Elderly: Similar to adult dosage, often 1000 mg to 1200 mg elemental calcium daily, with adequate Vitamin D.
Renal_impairment
Renal impairment: Use with caution. Dosage may need adjustment to avoid hypercalcemia. Consult a physician.
How to Take
Take calcium carbonate with food to enhance absorption. Calcium citrate can be taken with or without food. Chewable tablets should be chewed thoroughly before swallowing. Oral solutions/suspensions can be taken directly or mixed with liquids.
Mechanism of Action
Calcium ions play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of bones and teeth. They are also involved in nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, cardiac function, and blood coagulation. As a supplement, it increases the total body calcium pool, helping to correct deficiencies and support physiological functions.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Effects on serum calcium levels are relatively rapid, but therapeutic effects on bone density are long-term.
Excretion
Excretion occurs primarily via feces (unabsorbed calcium) and urine (excess absorbed calcium).
Half life
The half-life of calcium in the body is complex and depends on its physiological role (e.g., bone turnover, serum maintenance).
Absorption
Approximately 20-30% of ingested calcium is absorbed, primarily in the duodenum, with absorption enhanced by Vitamin D. Absorption is reduced in the presence of phytates, oxalates, and certain medications.
Metabolism
Elemental calcium is not metabolized in the traditional sense; it is absorbed and incorporated into body pools.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypercalcemia (abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood)
- Severe hypercalciuria (excessive calcium in urine)
- Known hypersensitivity to calcium salts
Drug Interactions
Bisphosphonates
Calcium can interfere with the absorption of bisphosphonates. Take calcium at a different time of day.
Iron supplements
Calcium may interfere with iron absorption. Take at separate times.
Diuretics (Thiazide)
Thiazide diuretics can decrease calcium excretion, leading to hypercalcemia. Monitor calcium levels.
Tetracyclines & Fluoroquinolones
Calcium can bind to these antibiotics, reducing their absorption. Take calcium at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after these antibiotics.
Thyroid hormones (e.g., Levothyroxine)
Calcium can reduce the absorption of thyroid hormones. Separate administration by at least 4 hours.
Storage
Store at room temperature (below 30°C), in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose (hypercalcemia) include nausea, vomiting, constipation, thirst, polyuria, muscle weakness, and confusion. Severe cases can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and coma. Treatment involves discontinuation of calcium, hydration, and medical management to lower serum calcium levels.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Calcium is safe and often recommended during pregnancy and lactation to meet increased maternal and fetal/infant needs. Consult a doctor for appropriate dosage.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypercalcemia (abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood)
- Severe hypercalciuria (excessive calcium in urine)
- Known hypersensitivity to calcium salts
Drug Interactions
Bisphosphonates
Calcium can interfere with the absorption of bisphosphonates. Take calcium at a different time of day.
Iron supplements
Calcium may interfere with iron absorption. Take at separate times.
Diuretics (Thiazide)
Thiazide diuretics can decrease calcium excretion, leading to hypercalcemia. Monitor calcium levels.
Tetracyclines & Fluoroquinolones
Calcium can bind to these antibiotics, reducing their absorption. Take calcium at least 2 hours before or 4-6 hours after these antibiotics.
Thyroid hormones (e.g., Levothyroxine)
Calcium can reduce the absorption of thyroid hormones. Separate administration by at least 4 hours.
Storage
Store at room temperature (below 30°C), in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose (hypercalcemia) include nausea, vomiting, constipation, thirst, polyuria, muscle weakness, and confusion. Severe cases can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and coma. Treatment involves discontinuation of calcium, hydration, and medical management to lower serum calcium levels.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Calcium is safe and often recommended during pregnancy and lactation to meet increased maternal and fetal/infant needs. Consult a doctor for appropriate dosage.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date
Availability
Pharmacies, supermarkets, health stores
Approval Status
Approved as a dietary supplement and medication
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Numerous clinical trials have supported the efficacy of calcium supplementation, often in combination with Vitamin D, for bone health and osteoporosis prevention/management.
Lab Monitoring
- Serum calcium levels (especially in patients with renal impairment or those taking high doses)
- Serum albumin (to correct for total calcium)
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN)
- Serum Vitamin D levels (to assess absorption efficiency)
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients on appropriate forms of calcium (carbonate vs. citrate) based on their gastric acid levels and medication profile.
- Always inquire about other medications to identify potential interactions, especially with antibiotics and thyroid hormones.
- Stress the importance of Vitamin D for optimal calcium absorption and bone health.
Patient Guidelines
- Take calcium supplements as directed by your doctor or pharmacist.
- Ensure adequate fluid intake throughout the day to prevent constipation.
- Do not take other medications at the same time as calcium, especially iron or certain antibiotics. Allow at least 2-4 hours between doses.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications and supplements you are taking.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Calium (Calcium) generally does not impair ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or severe side effects, avoid driving.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in calcium-containing foods (dairy, leafy greens).
- Engage in weight-bearing exercises to promote bone health.
- Ensure adequate exposure to sunlight or take Vitamin D supplements for optimal calcium absorption.
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