calpo-o
Generic Name
Cefixime + Ofloxacin
Manufacturer
Reputable Pharmaceutical Company
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| calpo o 400 mg tablet | ৳ 8.00 | ৳ 80.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Calpo-O 400 mg Tablet is a combination antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections including those of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin, and soft tissue. It contains Cefixime (a third-generation cephalosporin) and Ofloxacin (a fluoroquinolone).
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
One tablet (Cefixime 200 mg + Ofloxacin 200 mg) orally twice daily for 7-14 days, or as directed by the physician. Duration depends on the infection type and severity.
Elderly
Dose adjustment may be necessary in elderly patients with significant renal impairment. Otherwise, no specific dosage adjustment is required based on age alone.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is necessary. For creatinine clearance 20-49 mL/min, reduce dosage by 50%. For creatinine clearance <20 mL/min, a significant dose reduction or increased dosing interval is required. Consult physician.
How to Take
Take the tablet orally, preferably with a full glass of water. It can be taken with or without food. Do not chew, crush, or break the tablet. Complete the entire course of medication even if symptoms improve.
Mechanism of Action
Cefixime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to cell lysis and death. Ofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, thus preventing bacterial growth.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Typically within 1-2 hours for antibacterial action.
Excretion
Cefixime is primarily excreted renally (20-30% unchanged in urine) and partially through bile. Ofloxacin is predominantly excreted renally (70-80% unchanged in urine).
Half life
Cefixime: 3-4 hours; Ofloxacin: 5-8 hours.
Absorption
Both Cefixime and Ofloxacin are well absorbed orally. Cefixime bioavailability is 40-50%, while Ofloxacin bioavailability is ~90-100%.
Metabolism
Cefixime is not significantly metabolized in the liver; Ofloxacin undergoes limited hepatic metabolism (5-10%).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Cefixime, Ofloxacin, or any other fluoroquinolone or cephalosporin antibiotic.
- History of tendon disorders related to quinolone use.
- Myasthenia gravis (due to Ofloxacin).
- Epilepsy or other seizure disorders (due to Ofloxacin).
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Concomitant use with NSAIDs may increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures with fluoroquinolones.
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. Monitor INR closely.
Theophylline
Ofloxacin may increase theophylline levels, increasing the risk of toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Antacids/Iron/Multivitamins
Calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, and zinc-containing antacids or supplements can significantly reduce Ofloxacin absorption. Administer at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and confusion. In severe cases, seizures may occur. Management is supportive and symptomatic, including gastric lavage, hydration, and monitoring of vital signs. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing significant amounts of Cefixime or Ofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit outweighs risk. Ofloxacin is excreted in breast milk and may cause adverse effects in nursing infants; Cefixime is also excreted in low amounts. A decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Cefixime, Ofloxacin, or any other fluoroquinolone or cephalosporin antibiotic.
- History of tendon disorders related to quinolone use.
- Myasthenia gravis (due to Ofloxacin).
- Epilepsy or other seizure disorders (due to Ofloxacin).
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Concomitant use with NSAIDs may increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures with fluoroquinolones.
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. Monitor INR closely.
Theophylline
Ofloxacin may increase theophylline levels, increasing the risk of toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Antacids/Iron/Multivitamins
Calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, and zinc-containing antacids or supplements can significantly reduce Ofloxacin absorption. Administer at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and confusion. In severe cases, seizures may occur. Management is supportive and symptomatic, including gastric lavage, hydration, and monitoring of vital signs. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing significant amounts of Cefixime or Ofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit outweighs risk. Ofloxacin is excreted in breast milk and may cause adverse effects in nursing infants; Cefixime is also excreted in low amounts. A decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic available
Clinical Trials
Numerous clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of Cefixime and Ofloxacin, both individually and in combination, for various bacterial infections. Specific trials for the 'Calpo-O' brand might exist, focusing on bioequivalence or post-market surveillance.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (BUN, creatinine) during prolonged therapy or in patients with renal impairment.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST) if hepatic dysfunction is suspected or with prolonged use.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) for prolonged therapy.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of completing the full prescribed course to minimize resistance.
- Counsel patients on potential fluoroquinolone-associated severe adverse reactions (tendon rupture, neuropathy, CNS effects) and to discontinue immediately if they occur.
- Caution in patients with a history of seizures, renal impairment, or concomitant use of drugs that prolong QT interval.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
- Do not stop taking the medicine early, even if you feel better, to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
- Report any severe or persistent side effects, especially tendon pain, numbness, or tingling.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure and use sunscreen, as fluoroquinolones can increase photosensitivity.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
This medicine may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or vision disturbances. If you experience these effects, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Maintain a balanced diet to support overall health.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during the course of treatment, as it may worsen some side effects.
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