CarvediCap
Generic Name
Caparen
Manufacturer
XYZ Pharma (Hypothetical)
Country
Bangladesh
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Description
Overview of the medicine
Caparen (Carvedilol) is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker with alpha-1 blocking activity. It is used to treat essential hypertension, chronic stable angina, and symptomatic mild-to-severe chronic heart failure.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Hypertension: Initially 6.25 mg twice daily, may be increased to 12.5 mg twice daily after 1-2 weeks. Max: 50 mg/day. Heart Failure: Initially 3.125 mg twice daily, gradually increased over several weeks.
Elderly
Similar to adult dosage, but caution with initial dose and titration for hypertension.
Renal_impairment
No dose adjustment generally required for mild to moderate renal impairment.
How to Take
Take orally with food to slow the rate of absorption and reduce the risk of orthostatic hypotension. Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules.
Mechanism of Action
Caparen (Carvedilol) reduces blood pressure by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, which decreases heart rate and cardiac output. It also blocks alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, leading to vasodilation and reduced peripheral vascular resistance.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 1 hour (anti-hypertensive effect), 2-4 hours (peak effect)
Excretion
Primarily excreted in bile and feces; a small portion is excreted via the kidneys.
Half life
Approximately 7-10 hours
Absorption
Rapidly and extensively absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 1-2 hours. Bioavailability is about 25-35% due to extensive first-pass metabolism.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by CYP2D6 and CYP2C9, to several active and inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Bronchial asthma or related bronchospastic conditions
- Second or third-degree AV block (without a pacemaker)
- Sick sinus syndrome (without a pacemaker)
- Severe bradycardia (heart rate <50 bpm)
- Cardiogenic shock
- Decompensated heart failure requiring intravenous inotropic therapy
- Severe hepatic impairment
Drug Interactions
Digoxin
Increased digoxin levels. Monitor digoxin concentration.
Rifampin
Decreased Caparen (Carvedilol) plasma concentrations. Dose adjustment may be needed.
Clonidine
Potentiation of blood pressure and heart rate lowering effects. Discontinue Caparen (Carvedilol) several days before tapering clonidine.
Insulin/Oral Hypoglycemics
Enhanced hypoglycemic effect. Monitor blood glucose closely.
Calcium Channel Blockers (e.g., Verapamil, Diltiazem)
Increased risk of AV conduction disturbances and heart failure. Monitor cardiac function.
CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g., Quinidine, Fluoxetine, Paroxetine)
Increased Caparen (Carvedilol) plasma levels. Monitor for increased beta-blocking effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture.
Overdose
Symptoms include severe hypotension, bradycardia, cardiac insufficiency, cardiogenic shock, and cardiac arrest. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, including IV fluids, atropine for bradycardia, and inotropes for hypotension.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Not recommended during breastfeeding as it is excreted in breast milk.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 months
Availability
Available in pharmacies nationwide
Approval Status
Approved by FDA/DGDA
Patent Status
Patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials (e.g., COPERNICUS, US Carvedilol Heart Failure Trials) have demonstrated efficacy in heart failure and hypertension.
Lab Monitoring
- Blood pressure and heart rate monitoring
- Liver function tests periodically
- Renal function in patients with pre-existing renal impairment
- Blood glucose in diabetic patients
Doctor Notes
- Always titrate dose slowly, especially in heart failure patients, to avoid worsening symptoms.
- Monitor for orthostatic hypotension, particularly at initiation.
- Educate patients about abrupt discontinuation risks.
Patient Guidelines
- Take Caparen (Carvedilol) consistently with food.
- Do not stop taking the medicine suddenly without consulting your doctor.
- Report any signs of worsened heart failure or breathing difficulties immediately.
- Monitor your blood pressure and heart rate regularly as advised by your doctor.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness or fatigue, especially at the start of treatment or when the dose is increased. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how the medicine affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a healthy diet low in sodium and saturated fats.
- Engage in regular moderate exercise as advised by your doctor.
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
- Manage stress effectively.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.