Cefix (Square)
Generic Name
Cefixime
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Description
Overview of the medicine
Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections including urinary tract infections, ear infections, throat infections, bronchitis, and uncomplicated gonorrhea.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
200-400 mg once daily or 200 mg every 12 hours. For uncomplicated gonorrhea, a single 400 mg dose.
Elderly
Dosage similar to adults, but renal function should be assessed and dosage adjusted if necessary.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance 21-60 mL/min, 300 mg daily. For creatinine clearance <20 mL/min, 200 mg daily.
How to Take
Cefixime can be taken orally with or without food. For suspension, reconstitute with water as directed and shake well before each use.
Mechanism of Action
Cefixime works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which interferes with the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Onset of action varies depending on the infection type and severity.
Excretion
Primarily excreted by the kidneys (glomerular filtration and tubular secretion) and also via biliary excretion.
Half life
Plasma half-life is typically 3-4 hours.
Absorption
Oral bioavailability is 40-50%. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved in 2-6 hours.
Metabolism
Limited metabolism; approximately 50% of the absorbed dose is excreted unchanged.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefixime or other cephalosporins.
- History of hypersensitivity to penicillin (cross-reactivity can occur).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May increase prothrombin time (PT) and INR, leading to increased bleeding risk. Close monitoring is recommended.
Probenecid
Increases cefixime plasma levels and prolongs its half-life by inhibiting renal excretion.
Carbamazepine
Concurrent use may increase plasma concentrations of carbamazepine. Monitor carbamazepine levels.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light. Reconstituted suspension should be stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and used within 7-14 days (check product leaflet).
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be indicated. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Treatment should be supportive.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Cefixime is excreted in small amounts in breast milk. Use during pregnancy and lactation only if clearly needed and potential benefits outweigh risks.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cefixime or other cephalosporins.
- History of hypersensitivity to penicillin (cross-reactivity can occur).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May increase prothrombin time (PT) and INR, leading to increased bleeding risk. Close monitoring is recommended.
Probenecid
Increases cefixime plasma levels and prolongs its half-life by inhibiting renal excretion.
Carbamazepine
Concurrent use may increase plasma concentrations of carbamazepine. Monitor carbamazepine levels.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light. Reconstituted suspension should be stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and used within 7-14 days (check product leaflet).
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be indicated. Cefixime is not removed in significant quantities by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Treatment should be supportive.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Cefixime is excreted in small amounts in breast milk. Use during pregnancy and lactation only if clearly needed and potential benefits outweigh risks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years. Refer to the specific product packaging for exact expiry.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by DGDA and international regulatory bodies
Patent Status
Patent expired, available as generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Numerous clinical trials have established cefixime's efficacy and safety for various bacterial infections. Ongoing research focuses on its role in evolving antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (for prolonged therapy or in elderly/renal impaired patients).
- INR monitoring (for patients on warfarin).
Doctor Notes
- Always consider patient's allergy history, especially to penicillins and cephalosporins.
- Adjust dosage in patients with significant renal impairment.
- Advise patients to complete the entire course of treatment to prevent resistance.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of medication, even if symptoms improve, to prevent recurrence and resistance.
- Do not share this medication with others, even if they have similar symptoms.
- Contact your doctor if you experience severe diarrhea or allergic reactions.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Cefixime generally does not impair ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if dizziness occurs, exercise caution.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during the course of treatment.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.