Ciproaid
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Drug International Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| ciproaid 500 mg tablet | ৳ 17.50 | ৳ 175.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 250-750 mg orally every 12 hours, depending on the infection type and severity.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is needed based solely on age, but renal function should be assessed.
Renal_impairment
Dose adjustment is required for patients with creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min.
How to Take
Take orally, with or without food. Do not take with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices alone. Take at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids, iron supplements, or multivitamins containing zinc.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to disruption of bacterial DNA and cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 30-60 minutes for antibacterial action.
Excretion
Primarily excreted renally (50-70% as unchanged drug) and to a lesser extent via feces (15-30%).
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; absolute bioavailability is approximately 70%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached 1-2 hours after oral administration.
Metabolism
Undergoes limited hepatic metabolism (approximately 10-20%) to four active metabolites (desethyleneciprofloxacin, sulfociprofloxacin, oxociprofloxacin, and formylciprofloxacin).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones
- Co-administration with tizanidine
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Increased anticoagulant effect, leading to increased risk of bleeding. INR monitoring recommended.
Tizanidine
Increased plasma concentration of tizanidine, leading to hypotension and sedation. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentration of theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture.
Antacids/Iron/Zinc
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, supportive care and symptomatic treatment should be initiated. Gastric lavage may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may remove small amounts of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk; avoid use during lactation due to potential risks to the infant.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones
- Co-administration with tizanidine
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Increased anticoagulant effect, leading to increased risk of bleeding. INR monitoring recommended.
Tizanidine
Increased plasma concentration of tizanidine, leading to hypotension and sedation. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentration of theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture.
Antacids/Iron/Zinc
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, supportive care and symptomatic treatment should be initiated. Gastric lavage may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis may remove small amounts of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk; avoid use during lactation due to potential risks to the infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 to 36 months from manufacturing date
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin for various bacterial infections since its introduction.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN)
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST)
- INR (for patients on warfarin)
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients on the Black Box Warning for fluoroquinolones, especially regarding tendon rupture and neuropathy.
- Consider drug interactions, particularly with tizanidine, warfarin, and theophylline.
- Monitor renal function, especially in elderly or impaired patients, and adjust dose accordingly.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the medicine for the full prescribed duration, even if symptoms improve, to prevent recurrence and resistance.
- Stay well-hydrated while taking this medication.
- Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light as it may increase photosensitivity.
- Report any sudden pain, swelling, or bruising in a joint immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, affecting the ability to drive or operate machinery. Patients should be advised to assess their reaction to the drug before driving or operating complex machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent further infections.
- Follow a balanced diet and stay physically active.
Alternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.