Ciprogerm
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| ciprogerm 500 mg tablet | ৳ 14.00 | ৳ 140.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 250-750 mg twice daily, depending on the severity and type of infection. For most common infections, 500 mg twice daily is prescribed.
Elderly
Similar to adults, but dosage adjustments may be necessary based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage reduction is required for patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min). Consult a doctor or product leaflet for specific adjustments.
How to Take
Take orally, with or without food. Do not take with dairy products (milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone. Take at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, or iron/zinc supplements.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, leading to bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (50-70%) and to a lesser extent via feces (15%).
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours.
Absorption
Rapid and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Bioavailability is approximately 70%.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to less active metabolites (desethylciprofloxacin, sulfociprofloxacin, oxociprofloxacin, and formylciprofloxacin).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolone antibiotics.
- Concomitant administration of tizanidine.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of Theophylline, leading to toxicity.
Antacids/Iron/Zinc supplements
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Supportive care and symptomatic treatment should be provided. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in human milk; therefore, it is not recommended for nursing mothers. Consult a doctor.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolone antibiotics.
- Concomitant administration of tizanidine.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of Theophylline, leading to toxicity.
Antacids/Iron/Zinc supplements
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, gastric lavage may be considered. Maintain adequate hydration. Supportive care and symptomatic treatment should be provided. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is not effective in removing ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in human milk; therefore, it is not recommended for nursing mothers. Consult a doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from the date of manufacture. Check the expiry date on the pack.
Availability
Available in pharmacies nationwide
Approval Status
Approved (FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials supporting its efficacy and safety across various bacterial infections since its introduction. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance continues to monitor its long-term effects.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (creatinine, BUN) in patients with kidney impairment.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST) if liver dysfunction is suspected.
- Complete blood count (CBC) during prolonged therapy.
- INR if co-administered with warfarin.
Doctor Notes
- Assess renal function before initiating therapy, especially in elderly patients.
- Caution with concomitant use of drugs that prolong QT interval.
- Advise patients about the black box warnings regarding tendinopathy and other serious adverse effects.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of medication, even if symptoms improve.
- Drink plenty of fluids to prevent crystalluria.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure and use sunscreen as photosensitivity may occur.
- Report any tendon pain, swelling, or inflammation immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness or visual disturbances. Patients should be cautious when driving or operating machinery until they know how the drug affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection. Stay hydrated. Follow doctor's advice on diet.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.