Ciprozid-DS
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| ciprozid ds 500 mg tablet | ৳ 15.05 | ৳ 150.50 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 500 mg twice daily for 7-14 days, depending on the infection and its severity. For uncomplicated UTIs, 250 mg twice daily for 3 days may be sufficient. Maximum dose usually 750 mg twice daily.
Elderly
Dosage adjustment may be needed based on renal function and overall health status. Generally, the lower end of the adult dosage range is recommended.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with creatinine clearance <30 mL/min. For CrCl 30-60 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 12 hours. For CrCl <30 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 18-24 hours.
How to Take
Take orally with a glass of water, with or without food. To minimize stomach upset, it can be taken with meals. Do not take with dairy products (milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone; take ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after consuming these products. Ensure adequate hydration.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to disruption of bacterial DNA and cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Varies by infection type and severity, generally within hours for antibacterial effect.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (50-70%), with a smaller amount eliminated via feces (15-20%) and bile.
Half life
Approximately 4-5 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved 1-2 hours after oral administration. Bioavailability is approximately 70-80%.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to less active metabolites (e.g., desethylciprofloxacin, sulfociprofloxacin), which retain some antimicrobial activity.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
- •Concomitant administration with tizanidine
- •Patients with a history of tendonitis or tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolones
- •Children and adolescents (due to potential for arthropathy, except for specific indications like complicated UTIs or anthrax)
Drug Interactions
Caffeine
Decreased clearance of caffeine, leading to increased caffeine levels and potential for adverse effects.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effects, requiring frequent INR monitoring and potential warfarin dosage adjustment.
Tizanidine
Concomitant use is contraindicated due to a significant increase in tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to increased risk of hypotension and somnolence.
Cyclosporine
Increased serum creatinine, monitor renal function.
Methotrexate
Increased plasma levels of methotrexate, increasing risk of toxicity. Closely monitor methotrexate levels.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentrations of theophylline, leading to increased risk of adverse reactions like seizures. Monitor theophylline levels.
QT-prolonging drugs (e.g., Class IA and III antiarrhythmics, tricyclic antidepressants)
Additive risk of QT prolongation. Avoid concomitant use if possible.
Antacids (containing Mg/Al), Iron, Zinc, Sucralfate, Didanosine (buffered tablets/oral solution)
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Do not freeze.
Overdose
In case of acute overdose, gastric lavage and emesis may be considered. Symptomatic and supportive treatment should be provided. Maintain adequate hydration. Ciprofloxacin is not effectively removed from the body by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Ciprofloxacin is not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risk of arthropathy (damage to cartilage in weight-bearing joints) in the fetus, although human data are limited and controversial. It is excreted into breast milk and may cause adverse effects in a nursing infant; therefore, use with caution or consider an alternative during lactation. The decision should weigh the benefit to the mother and the potential risk to the infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from the manufacturing date, consult the product packaging for exact details.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesAlternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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