Cloramin
Generic Name
Chlorpheniramine Maleate
Manufacturer
Generic Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cloramin 2 mg syrup | ৳ 21.85 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Chlorpheniramine Maleate is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergies such as runny nose, sneezing, itchy or watery eyes, and itching of the nose or throat. It belongs to the first-generation antihistamine class.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Adults: 4 mg (10 ml syrup) every 4-6 hours, not exceeding 24 mg (60 ml syrup) in 24 hours.
Elderly
Lower doses may be required due to increased sensitivity to anticholinergic effects and sedation; start with 2 mg (5 ml syrup) every 6-8 hours.
Renal_impairment
Use with caution. Dose adjustment may be necessary in severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 10 ml/min).
Children_2_to_5_years
1 mg (2.5 ml syrup) every 4-6 hours, not exceeding 6 mg in 24 hours.
Children_6_to_11_years
2 mg (5 ml syrup) every 4-6 hours, not exceeding 12 mg in 24 hours.
How to Take
Administer orally, with or without food. For accurate dosing, use a calibrated measuring spoon or cup provided with the syrup. Do not use household spoons.
Mechanism of Action
Chlorpheniramine is a first-generation antihistamine that works by blocking the action of histamine, a natural substance in the body that causes allergic symptoms, by antagonizing H1 receptors.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
30-60 minutes.
Excretion
Mainly excreted in urine as metabolites and some unchanged drug.
Half life
12-43 hours (variable, influenced by age and renal function).
Absorption
Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 2-6 hours.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver by demethylation and hydroxylation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to chlorpheniramine or any component of the formulation.
- Newborns or premature infants.
- Patients with severe liver disease.
- Acute asthma attacks.
- Patients taking Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of stopping MAOIs.
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Increased central nervous system (CNS) depression and sedation.
Phenytoin
Chlorpheniramine may inhibit phenytoin metabolism, leading to increased phenytoin levels.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
May prolong and intensify the anticholinergic and CNS depressant effects of antihistamines.
CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, opioids, hypnotics)
Additive sedative effects.
Anticholinergic drugs (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, atropine)
Increased risk of anticholinergic side effects (e.g., dry mouth, urinary retention).
Storage
Store below 30°C (86°F) in a cool, dry place. Protect from light and moisture. Keep the bottle tightly closed. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include drowsiness, severe dizziness, confusion, restlessness, hallucinations, seizures, blurred vision, dry mouth, flushed skin, dilated pupils, and urinary retention. In children, excitation may precede drowsiness. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, including gastric lavage or activated charcoal, and monitoring vital signs.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Chlorpheniramine should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is excreted in breast milk and may cause sedation or excitation in nursing infants. Use with caution during lactation; consult a doctor.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to chlorpheniramine or any component of the formulation.
- Newborns or premature infants.
- Patients with severe liver disease.
- Acute asthma attacks.
- Patients taking Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of stopping MAOIs.
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Increased central nervous system (CNS) depression and sedation.
Phenytoin
Chlorpheniramine may inhibit phenytoin metabolism, leading to increased phenytoin levels.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
May prolong and intensify the anticholinergic and CNS depressant effects of antihistamines.
CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, opioids, hypnotics)
Additive sedative effects.
Anticholinergic drugs (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, atropine)
Increased risk of anticholinergic side effects (e.g., dry mouth, urinary retention).
Storage
Store below 30°C (86°F) in a cool, dry place. Protect from light and moisture. Keep the bottle tightly closed. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include drowsiness, severe dizziness, confusion, restlessness, hallucinations, seizures, blurred vision, dry mouth, flushed skin, dilated pupils, and urinary retention. In children, excitation may precede drowsiness. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, including gastric lavage or activated charcoal, and monitoring vital signs.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Chlorpheniramine should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. It is excreted in breast milk and may cause sedation or excitation in nursing infants. Use with caution during lactation; consult a doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from the manufacturing date when stored under recommended conditions. Check the expiry date on the packaging.
Availability
Pharmacies, drug stores
Approval Status
Approved by DGDA
Patent Status
Generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Chlorpheniramine has been extensively studied and used for many decades. Numerous clinical trials and real-world experience have established its efficacy and safety profile for allergic conditions. Modern trials often compare its effects and side effects with newer generation antihistamines.
Lab Monitoring
- No specific routine lab monitoring is generally required for short-term use. In cases of prolonged use or suspected blood dyscrasias, complete blood count (CBC) may be monitored.
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients about potential sedation and to avoid activities requiring mental alertness.
- Caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, or peptic ulcer disease due to anticholinergic effects.
- Monitor for paradoxical excitation in children, especially at higher doses.
- Avoid concomitant use with other CNS depressants or MAOIs.
Patient Guidelines
- This medicine may cause drowsiness; avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
- Avoid alcohol consumption as it can increase drowsiness.
- Do not exceed the recommended dose to prevent increased side effects.
- Inform your doctor or pharmacist about all other medications, including herbal supplements, you are taking.
- Keep this medicine out of the reach of children.
Missed Dose Advice
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Chlorpheniramine Maleate syrup commonly causes drowsiness and impaired judgment. Patients should be advised to avoid driving or operating machinery or engaging in activities requiring mental alertness until they know how the medicine affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Identify and avoid known allergens (e.g., pollen, dust mites, pet dander) that trigger your allergic reactions. Maintain a clean living environment. Stay hydrated and get adequate rest.
- Avoid smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke, which can aggravate respiratory allergies.
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