Cloxafu
Generic Name
Cloxacillin 500 mg Capsule
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cloxafu 500 mg capsule | ৳ 10.25 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cloxacillin is a penicillin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci. It is effective against skin and soft tissue infections, respiratory tract infections, and other systemic infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Oral: 250-500 mg every 6 hours. For severe infections, up to 1 gram every 6 hours. Administer 30-60 minutes before meals.
Elderly
Same as adults, but dose adjustment may be necessary in elderly patients with significant renal impairment.
Renal_impairment
No dose adjustment is usually required in mild to moderate renal impairment. For severe impairment (creatinine clearance <10 mL/min), consider reducing the dose or extending the dosing interval.
How to Take
Take the capsule orally, preferably on an empty stomach (30-60 minutes before meals or 2 hours after meals) with a full glass of water. Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor.
Mechanism of Action
Cloxacillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to cell lysis and bacterial death. It is resistant to degradation by beta-lactamase (penicillinase) enzymes.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 0.5 to 2 hours after oral administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted by the kidneys (30-60% as unchanged drug) and also through bile.
Half life
Plasma half-life is approximately 0.5 to 1.5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapid but incomplete (about 50%) oral absorption. Food reduces absorption significantly, so it should be taken on an empty stomach.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver, forming active and inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cloxacillin, other penicillins, or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., cephalosporins).
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, requiring close monitoring of INR and dose adjustment.
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs plasma levels of cloxacillin by reducing its renal tubular secretion.
Tetracyclines and other bacteriostatic antibiotics
May interfere with the bactericidal effect of cloxacillin.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and central nervous system effects (e.g., convulsions) in patients with impaired renal function. Treatment is supportive; hemodialysis may be effective in severe cases to remove cloxacillin from the body.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Studies in animals have shown no evidence of harm to the fetus. Cloxacillin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but it should be used only if clearly needed. It is excreted in breast milk in small amounts; use with caution during lactation. Consult your doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years from manufacturing date, depending on specific product and manufacturer.
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
DGDA Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cloxacillin is a well-established antibiotic. Ongoing research may focus on resistance patterns and new formulations, rather than primary efficacy.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (LFTs) and renal function tests (RFTs) should be monitored during prolonged high-dose therapy.
- Complete blood count (CBC) may be monitored periodically.
Doctor Notes
- Assess for history of penicillin allergy prior to administration.
- Monitor renal and hepatic function, especially during prolonged or high-dose therapy.
- Advise patients to take on an empty stomach for optimal absorption.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor and complete the entire course of treatment, even if you feel better.
- Take on an empty stomach, 30-60 minutes before a meal or 2 hours after a meal.
- Do not share your medicine with others, even if they have similar symptoms.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Cloxacillin generally does not impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or other central nervous system effects, avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during treatment as it may exacerbate side effects.
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