Cybine
Generic Name
Cytarabine 100 mg injection
Manufacturer
Various manufacturers
Country
Globally available, often manufactured locally in many countries
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cybine 100 mg injection | ৳ 180.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cytarabine is an antimetabolite used in the treatment of various leukemias and lymphomas. It works by interfering with DNA synthesis, preventing the growth of cancer cells.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Dosage varies greatly depending on the specific chemotherapy regimen, disease type, and patient condition. Typically ranges from 100 mg/m² IV daily for 5-10 days, to high-dose regimens (e.g., 2-3 g/m² IV every 12 hours for several days).
Elderly
Dosage adjustment may be required due to age-related decrease in renal and hepatic function. Close monitoring for toxicity is essential.
Renal_impairment
Reduced dosage may be necessary due to decreased drug clearance and increased risk of toxicity. Specific guidelines should be followed based on creatinine clearance.
How to Take
Cybine-100 mg injection is administered via intravenous infusion, subcutaneous injection, or intrathecal injection. The method and rate of administration depend on the specific treatment protocol.
Mechanism of Action
Cytarabine acts as a pyrimidine analogue, interfering with DNA synthesis and repair. It is phosphorylated intracellularly to cytarabine triphosphate, which then inhibits DNA polymerase, leading to cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cells.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within minutes after intravenous administration.
Excretion
Primarily renal excretion, with 70-80% of the dose excreted as Ara-U in urine within 24 hours. A small amount of unchanged drug is also excreted.
Half life
Biphasic elimination. Initial half-life is approximately 10 minutes, followed by a terminal half-life of 1 to 3 hours.
Absorption
Not orally active; administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Plasma concentrations peak rapidly after IV infusion.
Metabolism
Rapidly and extensively metabolized by cytidine deaminase to an inactive metabolite, uracil arabinoside (Ara-U), primarily in the liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cytarabine or any component of the formulation.
- Pre-existing severe bone marrow depression (non-malignant cause).
Drug Interactions
Digoxin
May decrease oral digoxin absorption.
Gentamicin
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity (synergistic effect).
Live vaccines
Avoid due to immunosuppression.
Fluorocytosine
Concomitant use may increase toxicity.
Other myelosuppressive agents
Increased risk of severe myelosuppression.
Storage
Store intact vials at controlled room temperature (20-25°C) and protect from light. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solutions should be used within a specified timeframe (e.g., 8-48 hours) and stored at room temperature or refrigerated.
Overdose
Overdose symptoms include severe myelosuppression (e.g., pancytopenia, severe anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) and severe neurotoxicity. Management is supportive, including blood product transfusions, anti-infective therapy, and close monitoring.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D: Cytarabine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Avoid during pregnancy. Lactation: It is unknown whether cytarabine is excreted in human milk. Due to potential serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants, breastfeeding is contraindicated during treatment.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cytarabine or any component of the formulation.
- Pre-existing severe bone marrow depression (non-malignant cause).
Drug Interactions
Digoxin
May decrease oral digoxin absorption.
Gentamicin
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity (synergistic effect).
Live vaccines
Avoid due to immunosuppression.
Fluorocytosine
Concomitant use may increase toxicity.
Other myelosuppressive agents
Increased risk of severe myelosuppression.
Storage
Store intact vials at controlled room temperature (20-25°C) and protect from light. Do not freeze. Reconstituted solutions should be used within a specified timeframe (e.g., 8-48 hours) and stored at room temperature or refrigerated.
Overdose
Overdose symptoms include severe myelosuppression (e.g., pancytopenia, severe anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) and severe neurotoxicity. Management is supportive, including blood product transfusions, anti-infective therapy, and close monitoring.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category D: Cytarabine can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Avoid during pregnancy. Lactation: It is unknown whether cytarabine is excreted in human milk. Due to potential serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants, breastfeeding is contraindicated during treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Varies by manufacturer and formulation, typically 2-3 years when stored as recommended. Reconstituted solutions have limited stability.
Availability
Hospitals, Specialized clinics, Cancer treatment centers
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cytarabine has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials for its efficacy and safety in various hematological malignancies, leading to its established role in chemotherapy regimens.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential (daily or frequently during treatment cycles)
- Liver Function Tests (LFTs) (bilirubin, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase)
- Renal Function Tests (RFTs) (creatinine, BUN)
- Neurological assessment (especially with high-dose regimens)
Doctor Notes
- Strict monitoring of CBC, LFTs, and RFTs is crucial during therapy.
- Prophylaxis for nausea/vomiting and infection should be considered.
- Assess for neurotoxicity, especially with high-dose regimens or in elderly patients.
- Consider cytarabine syndrome management with corticosteroids.
Patient Guidelines
- Report any signs of infection (fever, chills, sore throat) or unusual bleeding/bruising immediately.
- Maintain good oral hygiene to prevent mouth sores.
- Stay well-hydrated.
- Avoid contact with people who are sick or have infections.
Missed Dose Advice
Cybine injection is typically administered in a clinical setting by healthcare professionals. If a dose is missed, it should be reported to the healthcare team immediately. They will determine the appropriate course of action.
Driving Precautions
Cytarabine may cause dizziness, fatigue, or neurological side effects. Patients should avoid driving or operating heavy machinery if they experience these effects.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid contact sports or activities that may cause injury due to increased risk of bleeding.
- Discuss all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, with your doctor.
- Avoid live vaccines during treatment.
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International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.
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