Cykin
Generic Name
Cycloserine
Manufacturer
ACI Pharmaceuticals
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| cykin 125 mg capsule | ৳ 400.00 | ৳ 1,600.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cycloserine is an antibiotic primarily used for the treatment of tuberculosis, especially multidrug-resistant forms, and sometimes for urinary tract infections. It acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initially 250 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, then adjusted according to blood levels and clinical response, usually 500-1000 mg daily in 2 divided doses (maximum 1g/day).
Elderly
Dose adjustment may be needed due to potential for decreased renal function. Start with lower doses.
Renal_impairment
Reduce dosage. Monitor blood levels closely. Avoid if creatinine clearance < 20 mL/min.
How to Take
Oral, with or without food. To be taken exactly as prescribed.
Mechanism of Action
Cycloserine is a structural analogue of D-alanine. It inhibits two enzymes, alanine racemase and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase, which are involved in the synthesis of the D-alanine component of the bacterial cell wall. This leads to disruption of cell wall synthesis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Therapeutic effects seen with sustained administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (60-70% within 72 hours).
Half life
Approximately 10 hours.
Absorption
Well absorbed orally. Peak plasma levels usually within 4-8 hours.
Metabolism
Not extensively metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cycloserine.
- Epilepsy.
- Depression, severe anxiety, or psychosis.
- Severe renal insufficiency.
- Alcoholism.
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Increased risk of convulsions and CNS toxicity.
Isoniazid
Increased risk of CNS side effects.
Phenytoin
Cycloserine can inhibit phenytoin metabolism, leading to increased phenytoin levels.
Ethionamide
Increased CNS toxicity.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C), protect from moisture.
Overdose
Symptoms include CNS depression, psychosis, convulsions, coma. Management includes gastric lavage, activated charcoal, symptomatic and supportive care. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) may be helpful for CNS toxicity. Hemodialysis may remove cycloserine from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy: Category C. Use only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It crosses the placenta. Lactation: Excreted in breast milk. Caution advised; weigh benefits of treatment against risks to infant.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cycloserine.
- Epilepsy.
- Depression, severe anxiety, or psychosis.
- Severe renal insufficiency.
- Alcoholism.
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Increased risk of convulsions and CNS toxicity.
Isoniazid
Increased risk of CNS side effects.
Phenytoin
Cycloserine can inhibit phenytoin metabolism, leading to increased phenytoin levels.
Ethionamide
Increased CNS toxicity.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C), protect from moisture.
Overdose
Symptoms include CNS depression, psychosis, convulsions, coma. Management includes gastric lavage, activated charcoal, symptomatic and supportive care. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) may be helpful for CNS toxicity. Hemodialysis may remove cycloserine from the blood.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy: Category C. Use only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It crosses the placenta. Lactation: Excreted in breast milk. Caution advised; weigh benefits of treatment against risks to infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years (varies by manufacturer)
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ongoing research on its role in MDR-TB regimens, pharmacokinetics in special populations.
Lab Monitoring
- Therapeutic drug monitoring (serum cycloserine levels).
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN).
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST).
- Complete blood count.
- Electrolytes.
Doctor Notes
- Monitor closely for CNS toxicity. Pyridoxine supplementation (200 mg/day) may reduce neurological side effects. Close therapeutic drug monitoring is essential.
Patient Guidelines
- Take exactly as prescribed.
- Report any psychiatric symptoms, seizures, or numbness/tingling to your doctor.
- Do not stop medication without consulting a doctor.
- Avoid alcohol consumption.
- Pyridoxine supplementation may be needed.
Missed Dose Advice
Take the missed dose as soon as remembered unless it's almost time for the next dose. Do not double dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause drowsiness, dizziness, or confusion. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid activities requiring mental alertness until effects are known. Maintain good nutrition.
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Global Brand Names
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