D-Dopamine Generic
Generic Name
D-Dopamine
Manufacturer
Generic Pharmaceuticals
Country
Global
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Description
Overview of the medicine
D-Dopamine is a sympathomimetic agent primarily used to improve hemodynamic status in various shock states by acting on dopaminergic, beta-1 adrenergic, and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in a dose-dependent manner. It increases cardiac output, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Intravenous infusion, initially 2-5 mcg/kg/min. May be increased incrementally by 5-10 mcg/kg/min at 10-30 minute intervals until optimal response. Most patients respond to doses less than 20 mcg/kg/min. In severe cases, doses up to 50 mcg/kg/min may be used. Dosage should be titrated to patient response.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustments needed; however, closely monitor for adverse effects due to potential age-related organ impairment.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustments, but careful monitoring of renal function and urine output is essential.
How to Take
Administer as a continuous intravenous infusion after dilution in a suitable intravenous fluid (e.g., 5% Dextrose, 0.9% Sodium Chloride). Do not administer via intra-arterial injection. Avoid bolus injections. Monitor patient's blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output continuously.
Mechanism of Action
D-Dopamine acts directly on dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors, beta-1 adrenergic receptors, and at higher doses, alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. Low doses (0.5-2 mcg/kg/min) stimulate D1 receptors in renal and mesenteric vasculature, causing vasodilation and increased renal blood flow. Moderate doses (2-10 mcg/kg/min) stimulate beta-1 adrenergic receptors, increasing myocardial contractility and heart rate. High doses (>10 mcg/kg/min) stimulate alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and increased systemic vascular resistance.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
1-2 minutes.
Excretion
Primarily excreted in the urine as inactive metabolites.
Half life
Approximately 2 minutes; ranges from 1 to 5 minutes.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed after intravenous administration; negligible oral absorption.
Metabolism
Metabolized in the liver, kidney, and plasma by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) to inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Pheochromocytoma (a tumor of the adrenal gland)
- Uncorrected tachyarrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation
- Known hypersensitivity to dopamine or any component of the formulation
Drug Interactions
Diuretics
May enhance the renal effects of dopamine; combined use can be beneficial.
MAO Inhibitors
Potentiates the pressor effect of dopamine, requiring significantly reduced initial doses.
Beta-adrenergic Blocking Agents
May antagonize the cardiac effects of dopamine.
Alpha-adrenergic Blocking Agents
Can antagonize the peripheral vasoconstriction caused by high doses of dopamine.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
May potentiate the cardiovascular effects of dopamine.
Storage
Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C), excursions permitted to 15-30°C. Protect from light. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include excessive elevation of blood pressure, tachycardia, and arrhythmias. Management involves reducing the rate of infusion or temporarily discontinuing the drug. If needed, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent (e.g., phentolamine) may be used to reverse vasoconstriction.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is unknown whether D-Dopamine is excreted in human milk; caution should be exercised when administered to a nursing mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years when stored unopened. Refer to product label for specific details after dilution.
Availability
Hospitals and clinics
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies
Patent Status
Generic
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ongoing trials investigate its use in specific critical care scenarios and comparisons with other vasopressors for outcomes in septic shock and cardiogenic shock.
Lab Monitoring
- Continuous ECG monitoring
- Blood pressure monitoring
- Heart rate monitoring
- Urine output monitoring
- Oxygen saturation monitoring
- Fluid balance assessment
Doctor Notes
- Titrate dosage carefully based on patient's hemodynamic response and urine output.
- Monitor for signs of tissue ischemia, especially in extremities, with high doses or prolonged use.
- Correct hypovolemia prior to or concurrently with D-Dopamine administration.
Patient Guidelines
- This medication is administered by healthcare professionals in a hospital setting.
- Report any discomfort, chest pain, or changes in sensation to the medical staff immediately.
- The dose will be carefully adjusted based on your body's response.
Missed Dose Advice
This medication is typically administered in a hospital setting under continuous medical supervision. Missed doses are unlikely as administration is closely controlled by healthcare professionals.
Driving Precautions
Patients receiving D-Dopamine are typically in critical condition and should not drive or operate machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Not applicable as this medication is used in acute, critical care settings.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.