Floxason-DS
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| floxason ds 500 mg capsule | ৳ 10.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Floxason-DS 500 mg capsule contains Ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections including those of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin, bone, and gastrointestinal system.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
General dosage: 250 mg to 750 mg orally twice daily, depending on the infection type and severity. Treatment duration varies from 5 to 14 days, or longer for severe or chronic infections (e.g., bone and joint infections up to 4-6 weeks).
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment based solely on age is usually required, but dose should be adjusted based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
For creatinine clearance (CrCl) 30-60 mL/min, administer 250-500 mg every 12 hours. For CrCl <30 mL/min, administer 250-500 mg every 18-24 hours. For hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, administer dose after dialysis.
How to Take
Take the capsule orally with a full glass of water, with or without food. Do not chew or crush the capsule. Do not take with dairy products (e.g., milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone. Take ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids, sucralfate, didanosine, or products containing magnesium, aluminum, calcium, iron, or zinc.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to disruption of bacterial DNA and ultimately bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Onset of action is variable, typically within hours to days depending on the type and severity of infection.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (40-50%) via both glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, with a smaller amount excreted in feces.
Half life
The elimination half-life is approximately 3-5 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with bioavailability of approximately 70%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to several less active metabolites (e.g., desethyleneciprofloxacin, sulfociprofloxacin, oxociprofloxacin).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or any other fluoroquinolone antibiotics, or to any component of the formulation.
- Concomitant administration with tizanidine due to increased risk of hypotension and sedation.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Increased risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Caffeine
Decreased clearance of caffeine, leading to increased caffeine levels and effects.
Warfarin
May potentiate anticoagulant effect, requiring close monitoring of INR.
Tizanidine
Increased risk of hypotension and sedation. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
Cyclosporine
Increased serum creatinine levels, monitor renal function.
Methotrexate
Increased plasma levels of methotrexate, potentially increasing toxicity.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of theophylline, leading to potential toxicity. Dose adjustment may be necessary.
Antacids (Mg, Al, Ca), Sucralfate, Iron/Zinc supplements
Reduce ciprofloxacin absorption. Administer ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach and sight of children.
Overdose
In cases of acute overdose, gastric emptying (e.g., induced vomiting or gastric lavage) may be considered. Symptomatic and supportive treatment should be initiated. Adequate hydration should be maintained. ECG monitoring is advised due to the risk of QT prolongation. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis remove only small amounts of ciprofloxacin (less than 10%).
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted in human milk; therefore, breastfeeding is generally not recommended during treatment due to the potential risk of serious adverse reactions in nursing infants.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
36 months from the date of manufacture when stored under recommended conditions.
Availability
Pharmacies nationwide
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials establishing its efficacy and safety profile for various bacterial infections. Post-market surveillance also continuously monitors its performance and potential rare adverse effects.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal and hepatic function tests (especially during prolonged therapy or in patients with pre-existing impairment).
- International Normalized Ratio (INR) if the patient is on warfarin.
- Blood glucose levels, particularly in diabetic patients, due to risk of dysglycemia.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) occasionally.
Doctor Notes
- Educate patients on the black box warnings associated with fluoroquinolones, including the risks of tendinopathy, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects.
- Assess renal function prior to initiation of therapy and adjust dose accordingly, especially in elderly patients and those with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Advise patients to immediately report any signs of tendon pain/swelling, tingling/numbness, or severe diarrhea.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the medicine exactly as prescribed by your doctor and complete the full course of treatment, even if you feel better.
- Avoid direct and excessive exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light (e.g., sunlamps, tanning beds) while taking this medicine and for a few days after stopping it, as it may increase photosensitivity. Use protective clothing and sunscreen.
- Drink plenty of fluids to ensure proper kidney function and prevent crystalluria (formation of crystals in urine).
- Report any sudden pain, swelling, or bruising around joints, especially the Achilles tendon, or any numbness, tingling, or burning sensation to your doctor immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Floxason-DS may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances (e.g., blurred vision) which can impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. Exercise caution and avoid such activities until you are certain how this medication affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration throughout the treatment period.
- Avoid alcohol consumption as it may worsen some side effects like dizziness.
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