g-vitamin-b12
Generic Name
Cyanocobalamin
Manufacturer
Generic Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| g vitamin b12 1000 mcg injection | ৳ 7.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve tissue health, brain function, and the production of red blood cells. This injection is used to treat and prevent vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to megaloblastic anemia and neurological problems.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For initial treatment of severe deficiency: 1000 mcg daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks. For maintenance: 1000 mcg every month (or as directed by physician).
Elderly
Similar to adult dosage; monitor for renal function, though B12 is generally well-tolerated.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment is generally required, but caution is advised in severe renal impairment. Monitor B12 levels if necessary.
How to Take
Administer intramuscularly or by deep subcutaneous injection. Do not administer intravenously.
Mechanism of Action
Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B12. It acts as a coenzyme in several metabolic pathways, including DNA synthesis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, and myelin synthesis, which are crucial for cellular growth and replication.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Hematological response (reticulocytosis) typically seen within 3-5 days; neurological symptom improvement is gradual over weeks to months.
Excretion
Mainly renal; approximately 50-90% of a parenteral dose is excreted in the urine within 24-48 hours, with some enterohepatic recirculation.
Half life
Approximately 6 days in plasma, but storage in the liver leads to a much longer effective duration.
Absorption
Well absorbed after intramuscular or deep subcutaneous injection, rapidly entering the bloodstream.
Metabolism
Primarily in the liver, where it is converted into active coenzyme forms (methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cobalamins (vitamin B12) or cobalt.
- Leber's disease or tobacco amblyopia, due to the risk of optic atrophy.
Drug Interactions
Chloramphenicol
May antagonize the hematologic response to vitamin B12 in some patients.
Colchicine, Neomycin, Aminosalicylic Acid, H2-blockers, proton pump inhibitors
May decrease the absorption of oral vitamin B12, but this is less relevant for injectable forms.
Storage
Store below 25°C, protected from light. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Vitamin B12 is water-soluble and generally considered to have a very low toxicity profile. No specific antidote is available, and overdose typically leads to renal excretion of excess vitamin. Management is supportive.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Vitamin B12 is essential during pregnancy and lactation. It is generally considered safe when administered at recommended doses to treat confirmed deficiency. Consult your doctor.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to cobalamins (vitamin B12) or cobalt.
- Leber's disease or tobacco amblyopia, due to the risk of optic atrophy.
Drug Interactions
Chloramphenicol
May antagonize the hematologic response to vitamin B12 in some patients.
Colchicine, Neomycin, Aminosalicylic Acid, H2-blockers, proton pump inhibitors
May decrease the absorption of oral vitamin B12, but this is less relevant for injectable forms.
Storage
Store below 25°C, protected from light. Do not freeze.
Overdose
Vitamin B12 is water-soluble and generally considered to have a very low toxicity profile. No specific antidote is available, and overdose typically leads to renal excretion of excess vitamin. Management is supportive.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Vitamin B12 is essential during pregnancy and lactation. It is generally considered safe when administered at recommended doses to treat confirmed deficiency. Consult your doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 to 36 months when stored under recommended conditions.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical experience and numerous studies confirm the efficacy and safety of vitamin B12 injections in treating deficiency and related conditions.
Lab Monitoring
- Complete blood count (CBC) with differential, reticulocyte count (especially during initial treatment for anemia).
- Serum vitamin B12 levels.
- Serum potassium levels (monitor carefully in patients with severe megaloblastic anemia).
Doctor Notes
- Always confirm B12 deficiency (e.g., serum B12, MMA, homocysteine levels) before initiating therapy.
- Monitor patient's hematological and neurological response. Potassium levels may drop rapidly in the initial phase of severe megaloblastic anemia treatment, requiring monitoring.
- Educate patients on the importance of adherence to the long-term maintenance regimen, especially for conditions like pernicious anemia.
Patient Guidelines
- Follow your doctor's instructions strictly regarding the dosage and frequency of injections.
- Do not stop treatment abruptly without consulting your doctor, even if symptoms improve.
- Report any unusual or severe side effects to your healthcare provider immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double the dose to catch up. Consult your doctor for specific advice.
Driving Precautions
Vitamin B12 injection is not known to impair the ability to drive or operate machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- If dietary intake is a contributing factor to deficiency, consider incorporating B12-rich foods (e.g., meat, fish, dairy) into your diet or discuss oral supplements with your doctor.
- Regular follow-ups with your doctor are important to monitor your B12 levels and overall health.
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