Gliclid
Generic Name
Gliclazide 80 mg tablet
Manufacturer
Renata PLC
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| gliclid 80 mg tablet | ৳ 8.00 | ৳ 80.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Gliclazide is an oral antidiabetic drug belonging to the sulfonylurea class, used to control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It helps the pancreas produce more insulin.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initial dose is 40-80 mg once daily, preferably with breakfast. The dose may be adjusted in increments of 40-80 mg, depending on blood glucose response, up to a maximum of 320 mg daily. Doses above 160 mg daily should be divided into two daily doses.
Elderly
Initial dose should be low (e.g., 40 mg once daily) due to increased risk of hypoglycemia; carefully titrated based on blood glucose levels.
Renal_impairment
Not recommended in severe renal impairment. In mild to moderate impairment, no dose adjustment is usually required but close monitoring is necessary.
How to Take
Take orally with food, preferably with breakfast. Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water; do not crush, chew, or divide.
Mechanism of Action
Gliclazide acts primarily by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. It binds to the sulfonylurea receptor on the β-cell membrane, leading to closure of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, depolarization of the cell, calcium influx, and subsequent insulin exocytosis. It also has extrapancreatic effects, including reducing hepatic glucose production and increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Hypoglycemic effect usually starts within 2 hours.
Excretion
Mainly excreted in the urine (less than 1% as unchanged drug, remainder as metabolites) and to a lesser extent in feces.
Half life
Approximately 10-12 hours for conventional tablets.
Absorption
Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are typically reached within 4-6 hours.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by CYP2C9, into inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to gliclazide, other sulfonylureas, or sulfonamides.
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Diabetic pre-coma and coma, diabetic ketoacidosis.
- Severe renal or hepatic insufficiency.
- Pregnancy and lactation.
- Concomitant treatment with miconazole.
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Enhances the hypoglycemic effect; avoid excessive intake.
Phenylbutazone (systemic)
Potentiates the hypoglycemic effect. Avoid or use with caution with close monitoring.
Miconazole (systemic, oral gel)
Potentiates the hypoglycemic effect, possibly leading to coma. Contraindicated.
Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, Fluconazole, H2-blockers, Sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Salicylates
May potentiate the hypoglycemic effect.
Danazol, Chlorpromazine (high doses), Glucocorticoids, Ritodrine, Salbutamol (IV), Terbutaline (IV), Barbiturates, Rifampicin, Oral contraceptives
May reduce the hypoglycemic effect.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose may lead to severe hypoglycemia with symptoms like sweating, tremor, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, headache, and in severe cases, unconsciousness or seizures. Management involves immediate oral glucose (if conscious) or intravenous glucose/glucagon (if unconscious) and close monitoring of blood glucose.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Gliclazide is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. Insulin therapy is recommended for pregnant women with diabetes. It is unknown if gliclazide is excreted in breast milk; therefore, it should not be used during breastfeeding.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to gliclazide, other sulfonylureas, or sulfonamides.
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Diabetic pre-coma and coma, diabetic ketoacidosis.
- Severe renal or hepatic insufficiency.
- Pregnancy and lactation.
- Concomitant treatment with miconazole.
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Enhances the hypoglycemic effect; avoid excessive intake.
Phenylbutazone (systemic)
Potentiates the hypoglycemic effect. Avoid or use with caution with close monitoring.
Miconazole (systemic, oral gel)
Potentiates the hypoglycemic effect, possibly leading to coma. Contraindicated.
Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, Fluconazole, H2-blockers, Sulfonamides, NSAIDs, Salicylates
May potentiate the hypoglycemic effect.
Danazol, Chlorpromazine (high doses), Glucocorticoids, Ritodrine, Salbutamol (IV), Terbutaline (IV), Barbiturates, Rifampicin, Oral contraceptives
May reduce the hypoglycemic effect.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose may lead to severe hypoglycemia with symptoms like sweating, tremor, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, headache, and in severe cases, unconsciousness or seizures. Management involves immediate oral glucose (if conscious) or intravenous glucose/glucagon (if unconscious) and close monitoring of blood glucose.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Gliclazide is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. Insulin therapy is recommended for pregnant women with diabetes. It is unknown if gliclazide is excreted in breast milk; therefore, it should not be used during breastfeeding.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years from the date of manufacture. Check the expiry date on the packaging.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved in many countries globally
Patent Status
Off-patent (Generic available)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Gliclazide has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials to establish its efficacy and safety in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These studies support its use as a first-line or add-on therapy.
Lab Monitoring
- Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels (fasting and postprandial).
- Periodic monitoring of HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) to assess long-term glucose control.
- Liver function tests and renal function tests should be performed periodically.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of patient education regarding hypoglycemia recognition and management.
- Monitor renal and hepatic function periodically, especially in elderly patients.
- Counsel on lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise) as integral to diabetes management.
Patient Guidelines
- Take Gliclid exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
- Do not skip meals, and follow a balanced diet plan.
- Be aware of the symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., sweating, trembling, dizziness) and how to manage them (carry a source of sugar).
- Regular physical activity is important.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Gliclazide can cause hypoglycemia, which may impair your ability to concentrate and react. Patients should be aware of the risk of hypoglycemia and take precautions before driving or operating machinery, especially at the start of treatment or after dose changes.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a healthy diet consistent with your diabetes management plan.
- Engage in regular physical activity as advised by your healthcare provider.
- Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.
- Limit or avoid alcohol consumption to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
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