Glyxam
Generic Name
Empagliflozin 25 mg tablet
Manufacturer
Hypothetical Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| glyxam 25 mg tablet | ৳ 50.00 | ৳ 500.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Glyxam 25 mg Tablet contains Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor used to lower blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is also indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, and progression of kidney disease in certain adult patients.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
The recommended starting dose is 10 mg once daily. If additional glycemic control is needed and the patient tolerates 10 mg, the dose can be increased to 25 mg once daily. For cardiovascular and renal indications, the recommended dose is 10 mg once daily.
Elderly
No dosage adjustment is required based on age alone. However, renal function should be assessed, as older patients may have reduced renal function.
Renal_impairment
For type 2 diabetes, empagliflozin is not recommended for initiation in patients with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m². For heart failure and chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin can be initiated at 10 mg once daily in patients with eGFR ≥20 mL/min/1.73 m².
How to Take
Glyxam tablet should be taken orally once daily in the morning, with or without food.
Mechanism of Action
Empagliflozin works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, leading to reduced reabsorption of glucose from the renal tubules and increased urinary glucose excretion. This lowers blood glucose levels independently of insulin.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Glucose-lowering effect observed within hours of first dose.
Excretion
Approximately half of the absorbed dose is excreted unchanged via urine, and about half via feces.
Half life
Approximately 12 hours.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed after oral administration, peak plasma concentration reached within 1.5 hours.
Metabolism
Primarily metabolized by glucuronidation in the liver.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to empagliflozin or any excipients of the tablet.
- Patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR <20 mL/min/1.73 m²), end-stage renal disease, or on dialysis.
Drug Interactions
Lithium
SGLT2 inhibitors may decrease serum lithium concentrations by increasing renal lithium excretion.
Diuretics
May increase the risk of dehydration and hypotension.
Insulin and Insulin Secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas)
Increased risk of hypoglycemia; a lower dose of insulin or secretagogue may be required.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In the event of an overdose, contact a poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptomatic treatment and supportive measures should be initiated as appropriate.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters, due to potential adverse effects on kidney development. It is not known whether empagliflozin is excreted in human milk, therefore, breastfeeding is not recommended.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals nationwide
Approval Status
Approved by FDA and DGDA
Patent Status
Under patent protection (varies by region)
Clinical Trials
Empagliflozin has undergone extensive clinical trials (e.g., EMPA-REG OUTCOME, EMPEROR-Reduced, EMPEROR-Preserved, EMPA-KIDNEY) demonstrating its efficacy and safety in various indications.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (eGFR) before initiation and periodically thereafter.
- Glycemic control (HbA1c).
- Lipid profile (periodically).
- Electrolytes (if clinically indicated).
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients on symptoms of urinary tract infections, genital mycotic infections, and diabetic ketoacidosis.
- Assess renal function prior to initiation and monitor periodically.
- Caution with concomitant use of diuretics due to potential for volume depletion.
- Consider dose reduction of insulin or insulin secretagogues when co-administering to minimize hypoglycemia risk.
Patient Guidelines
- Take Glyxam exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
- Stay well-hydrated, especially in hot weather or during illness.
- Monitor your blood glucose levels regularly as advised by your doctor.
- Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms of a serious infection (e.g., UTI, genital infection, Fournier's gangrene) or diabetic ketoacidosis.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Glyxam usually does not affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if used in combination with insulin or sulfonylureas, it may increase the risk of hypoglycemia, which can impair concentration and reaction time. Patients should be advised to take precautions.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a healthy diet and regular exercise routine.
- Manage stress effectively.
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
- Regularly consult with your doctor for diabetes management.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.