Adults

For complicated UTI and acute pyelonephritis: 1000 mg orally once daily for 7 to 14 days. For chronic bacterial prostatitis: 1000 mg orally once daily for 28 days.

Elderly

No specific dosage adjustment is required based solely on age, but renal function should be assessed.

Renal_impairment

Dosage adjustment may be necessary in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min). Consult prescribing information for specific guidelines.

Onset

Clinical effects may be observed within hours to days depending on the infection.

Excretion

Primarily excreted renally (approximately 50-70% as unchanged drug in urine) and to a lesser extent via the feces.

Half life

Approximately 3.5 to 4.5 hours.

Absorption

Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; bioavailability is approximately 70%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached 6 hours post-dose for extended-release formulation.

Metabolism

Partially metabolized in the liver (via CYP1A2) to less active metabolites.

NSAIDs

May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.

Warfarin

May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, increasing bleeding risk.

Tizanidine

Contraindicated, as it can significantly increase tizanidine levels, leading to hypotension and somnolence.

Theophylline

May increase plasma concentrations of theophylline, leading to toxicity.

Antacids/Sucralfate/Cations (Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, Zn)

Can significantly reduce ciprofloxacin absorption if co-administered; take ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.