Histamin
Generic Name
Chlorpheniramine Maleate
Manufacturer
Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| histamin 4 mg tablet | ৳ 0.20 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Histamin 4 mg Tablet contains Chlorpheniramine Maleate, a first-generation antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergic reactions such as sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, and itching. It also helps in managing symptoms of the common cold.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
1 tablet (4 mg) every 4-6 hours, not to exceed 24 mg in 24 hours.
Elderly
Lower doses may be considered, usually 4 mg every 6-8 hours, due to increased susceptibility to side effects, especially sedation and anticholinergic effects.
Children
6-12 years: 2 mg every 4-6 hours, not to exceed 12 mg in 24 hours. Under 6 years: Not recommended without medical advice; liquid formulations may be available.
Renal_impairment
Use with caution; dose reduction may be necessary in severe renal impairment. Consult a physician.
Hepatic_impairment
Use with caution; dose reduction may be necessary in severe hepatic impairment. Consult a physician.
How to Take
Take orally with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water. Do not crush or chew sustained-release forms.
Mechanism of Action
Chlorpheniramine Maleate acts as a competitive antagonist of H1-histamine receptors. By blocking the binding of histamine to these receptors, it prevents or reduces the effects of histamine, such as vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and stimulation of sensory nerve endings, thereby alleviating allergic symptoms.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 30-60 minutes.
Excretion
Excreted primarily via the urine as metabolites and some unchanged drug.
Half life
Approximately 12-43 hours, highly variable.
Absorption
Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; peak plasma concentrations achieved in 2-6 hours.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzymes (e.g., CYP2D6) and glucuronidation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Chlorpheniramine or any component of the formulation.
- Newborns or premature infants.
- Nursing mothers (due to risk of sedation in infant).
- Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of stopping MAOI therapy.
- Acute asthma attack, lower respiratory tract symptoms including asthma.
- Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction.
Drug Interactions
Phenytoin
Chlorpheniramine may inhibit phenytoin metabolism, leading to increased phenytoin levels and toxicity.
MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
Concomitant use may prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects and CNS depression of antihistamines. Concurrent use is contraindicated.
CNS Depressants (e.g., alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics)
Increased central nervous system depression, leading to enhanced drowsiness and sedation.
Anticholinergic drugs (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, atropine)
Additive anticholinergic effects, increasing the risk of dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, and constipation.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include severe drowsiness, dizziness, incoordination, dry mouth, flushed skin, dilated pupils, fever, hallucinations, tremors, seizures, and unconsciousness. In children, paradoxical excitation may occur. Management involves symptomatic and supportive care, gastric lavage or activated charcoal may be considered if recent ingestion. Medical attention is required.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if clearly needed. Lactation: Not recommended for nursing mothers as antihistamines can be excreted in breast milk and may cause sedation or paradoxical excitability in infants.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Chlorpheniramine or any component of the formulation.
- Newborns or premature infants.
- Nursing mothers (due to risk of sedation in infant).
- Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of stopping MAOI therapy.
- Acute asthma attack, lower respiratory tract symptoms including asthma.
- Narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction.
Drug Interactions
Phenytoin
Chlorpheniramine may inhibit phenytoin metabolism, leading to increased phenytoin levels and toxicity.
MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
Concomitant use may prolong and intensify the anticholinergic effects and CNS depression of antihistamines. Concurrent use is contraindicated.
CNS Depressants (e.g., alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics)
Increased central nervous system depression, leading to enhanced drowsiness and sedation.
Anticholinergic drugs (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, atropine)
Additive anticholinergic effects, increasing the risk of dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, and constipation.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include severe drowsiness, dizziness, incoordination, dry mouth, flushed skin, dilated pupils, fever, hallucinations, tremors, seizures, and unconsciousness. In children, paradoxical excitation may occur. Management involves symptomatic and supportive care, gastric lavage or activated charcoal may be considered if recent ingestion. Medical attention is required.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Use only if clearly needed. Lactation: Not recommended for nursing mothers as antihistamines can be excreted in breast milk and may cause sedation or paradoxical excitability in infants.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2 to 3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and drugstores.
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities worldwide
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Chlorpheniramine Maleate is a well-established drug with extensive clinical use spanning decades. Its efficacy and safety profile are well-documented through numerous studies and clinical experience.
Lab Monitoring
- No specific routine lab monitoring is required for this medication during typical use.
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients about potential sedation and to avoid tasks requiring alertness.
- Caution in elderly due to increased sensitivity to anticholinergic effects and sedation.
- Not recommended for lower respiratory tract diseases, including asthma, as anticholinergic effects can thicken bronchial secretions.
- Monitor for paradoxical excitation, especially in pediatric patients.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not exceed the recommended dose.
- Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants while taking this medicine.
- Be cautious when driving or operating machinery as it may cause drowsiness.
- Inform your doctor or pharmacist about all other medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
This medicine can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and blurred vision. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Stay hydrated to help with dry mouth.
- Avoid activities requiring mental alertness until you know how the medicine affects you.
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