Indophyllin
Generic Name
Indophyllin 100 mg Tablet
Manufacturer
Acme Laboratories Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| indophyllin 100 mg tablet | ৳ 0.42 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Indophyllin 100 mg Tablet contains Theophylline, a bronchodilator used to prevent and treat symptoms of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. It helps to relax the muscles in the airways, making breathing easier.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initial: 100-200 mg every 8-12 hours. Dosage should be individualized based on serum theophylline levels (target 10-20 mcg/mL). Max: 600-800 mg/day.
Elderly
Lower doses may be required due to decreased clearance and increased sensitivity. Monitor serum levels closely.
Renal_impairment
No specific dose adjustment for renal impairment, as primary excretion is hepatic. However, metabolites may accumulate. Use with caution.
How to Take
Take orally, preferably with or after food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Swallow whole; do not crush or chew sustained-release forms.
Mechanism of Action
Theophylline works by relaxing the smooth muscles of the bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels, primarily through inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, which increases intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). It also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Oral: 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on formulation.
Excretion
Mainly renal (as metabolites); small amount excreted unchanged.
Half life
Adults: 6-12 hours (highly variable, influenced by age, smoking, liver function, drug interactions).
Absorption
Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; absorption may vary with food and formulation.
Metabolism
Primarily hepatic, via CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzymes.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Theophylline or any component.
- Untreated cardiac arrhythmias.
- Active peptic ulcer disease.
- Seizure disorders not controlled by medication.
Drug Interactions
Lithium
Theophylline may increase renal excretion of lithium, decreasing its effectiveness.
Beta-blockers
May antagonize the bronchodilator effect of theophylline.
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Rifampin
May decrease theophylline serum concentrations, reducing efficacy.
Cimetidine, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Fluvoxamine
May increase theophylline serum concentrations, leading to toxicity.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, severe headache, restlessness, insomnia, tremors, convulsions, and cardiac arrhythmias. Management involves supportive care, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and in severe cases, hemoperfusion.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit outweighs risk. Theophylline is excreted into breast milk; caution advised during lactation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Theophylline or any component.
- Untreated cardiac arrhythmias.
- Active peptic ulcer disease.
- Seizure disorders not controlled by medication.
Drug Interactions
Lithium
Theophylline may increase renal excretion of lithium, decreasing its effectiveness.
Beta-blockers
May antagonize the bronchodilator effect of theophylline.
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Rifampin
May decrease theophylline serum concentrations, reducing efficacy.
Cimetidine, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Fluvoxamine
May increase theophylline serum concentrations, leading to toxicity.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, severe headache, restlessness, insomnia, tremors, convulsions, and cardiac arrhythmias. Management involves supportive care, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and in severe cases, hemoperfusion.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use only if potential benefit outweighs risk. Theophylline is excreted into breast milk; caution advised during lactation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
36 months from manufacturing date
Availability
Available in pharmacies nationwide
Approval Status
Approved by relevant health authorities (e.g., DGDA in Bangladesh)
Patent Status
Generic, patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical data supports the efficacy and safety of theophylline for respiratory diseases; ongoing studies explore its anti-inflammatory effects and personalized dosing.
Lab Monitoring
- Serum theophylline levels (therapeutic range: 10-20 mcg/mL for most indications).
- Liver function tests (LFTs) periodically, especially in patients with hepatic impairment.
- Kidney function tests.
Doctor Notes
- Therapeutic drug monitoring is crucial for theophylline due to its narrow therapeutic index.
- Educate patients on symptoms of toxicity.
- Consider potential drug interactions, especially with CYP1A2 inhibitors/inducers.
- Dose adjustments may be necessary in liver impairment, heart failure, and in smokers.
Patient Guidelines
- Take medicine exactly as prescribed.
- Do not stop taking without consulting your doctor.
- Avoid or limit caffeine intake.
- Report any signs of toxicity (e.g., severe nausea, vomiting, palpitations, seizures) immediately.
- Do not crush or chew sustained-release tablets.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next dose. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
May cause dizziness or tremors; use caution when driving or operating machinery until you know how it affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a healthy diet.
- Avoid smoking, as it can affect theophylline clearance.
- Regular exercise (as advised by physician).
- Manage stress effectively.
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Global Brand Names
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