Humalog, Novorapid, Lantus, Levemir, Humulin, Novolin, Soliqua
Generic Name
Insulin
Manufacturer
Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, BEXIMCO Pharma, Incepta Pharmaceuticals
Country
USA, Denmark, France, Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| insul 30 70 injection | ৳ 195.00 | N/A |
| insul 50 50 injection | ৳ 415.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps the body use glucose for energy. It is used to treat diabetes mellitus by lowering high blood sugar levels. Various types exist, categorized by their onset and duration of action.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Individualized based on blood glucose levels, diet, physical activity, and insulin sensitivity. Typically multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
Elderly
Careful titration required due to increased risk of hypoglycemia and renal impairment.
Renal_impairment
Dose reduction may be necessary due to decreased insulin clearance.
How to Take
Administer subcutaneously into the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. Rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy. Regular insulin can be given intravenously in emergencies.
Mechanism of Action
Insulin lowers blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat, and by inhibiting hepatic glucose production. It inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis, and enhances protein synthesis.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Varies widely: Rapid-acting (5-15 min), Short-acting (30-60 min), Intermediate-acting (1-2 hours), Long-acting (1.5-4 hours).
Excretion
Mainly renal excretion of metabolites.
Half life
Highly variable depending on type and formulation (e.g., human insulin ~5-10 minutes, longer for analogues due to modified absorption).
Absorption
Rapid, intermediate, or prolonged absorption depending on the type of insulin and injection site. Subcutaneous injection is the primary route.
Metabolism
Primarily in the liver and kidneys, also in muscle and fat cells.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypersensitivity to insulin or any excipients
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Can enhance the blood glucose-lowering effect of insulin, leading to hypoglycemia.
Beta-blockers
Can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia and delay recovery.
Corticosteroids, Diuretics, Thyroxine
May increase blood glucose, requiring increased insulin dose.
Storage
Unopened insulin should be stored in a refrigerator (2°C-8°C / 36°F-46°F). Do not freeze. Opened or in-use insulin can be stored at room temperature (below 30°C / 86°F) for up to 28-42 days, away from direct heat and light.
Overdose
Overdose leads to hypoglycemia, which can range from mild (managed by oral glucose) to severe (requiring intravenous glucose or glucagon injection). Severe, prolonged hypoglycemia can cause seizures, coma, and brain damage.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Insulin is the preferred treatment for diabetes in pregnancy and lactation. It does not cross the placenta in significant amounts and is not excreted in breast milk. Dosage adjustments may be needed throughout pregnancy.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Unopened, refrigerated insulin typically lasts until the expiry date. Once opened or unrefrigerated, it generally lasts 28-42 days depending on the specific product.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals worldwide
Approval Status
Globally approved since 1923 by various regulatory bodies
Patent Status
Generic versions and biosimilars available; some analogues are patented
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of various insulin preparations in managing diabetes across different populations and conditions. Ongoing research focuses on newer analogues, delivery systems, and combination therapies.
Lab Monitoring
- Fasting blood glucose (FBG)
- Postprandial blood glucose (PPBG)
- HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin)
- Renal function (BUN, creatinine)
- Potassium levels (in specific situations)
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize patient education on hypoglycemia recognition and management.
- Regularly assess injection technique and site rotation to prevent dermatological complications.
- Consider patient lifestyle, comorbidities, and preferences when selecting insulin regimen.
- Monitor for potential drug interactions affecting glucose control.
Patient Guidelines
- Learn proper injection technique and site rotation.
- Monitor blood glucose regularly as advised by your doctor.
- Always carry a source of fast-acting glucose (e.g., glucose tablets, juice) to treat hypoglycemia.
- Never share needles or insulin pens.
- Report any adverse effects or persistent high/low blood sugars to your healthcare provider.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, check blood glucose levels and administer the dose if safe to do so, considering the type of insulin and time until the next meal. Consult a healthcare professional for guidance. Do not double the next dose.
Driving Precautions
Patients on insulin should be aware of the risk of hypoglycemia, which can impair concentration and reaction time. Test blood glucose before driving and carry fast-acting glucose. Do not drive if experiencing hypoglycemic symptoms.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a balanced diet and consistent meal schedule.
- Engage in regular physical activity as approved by your doctor.
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
- Manage stress effectively.
- Regular follow-up with your endocrinologist or diabetologist.
Alternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.