Isonil
Generic Name
Isoniazid
Manufacturer
Acme Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| isonil 5 mg tablet | ৳ 1.41 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Isonil 5 mg Tablet contains Isoniazid, an antibiotic primarily used to treat and prevent tuberculosis (TB). It is a first-line drug often used in combination with other anti-TB medications.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For active TB (children): 10-15 mg/kg daily up to 300 mg, in combination. For latent TB (children): 10 mg/kg daily up to 300 mg for 6-9 months. Note: 5 mg strength is generally used for dose adjustment or pediatric use.
Elderly
Dose adjustments may be necessary due to age-related decline in renal and hepatic function. Close monitoring recommended.
Renal_impairment
No dose adjustment typically required for mild to moderate renal impairment, but caution in severe cases. Monitor for toxicity.
How to Take
Take orally, with or without food. To minimize GI upset, take with food. For optimal absorption, take on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after meals).
Mechanism of Action
Isoniazid is a prodrug that is activated by the mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme (KatG). The activated isoniazid inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid, an essential component of the mycobacterial cell wall, leading to bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Clinical effects seen within hours to days, full therapeutic effect over weeks.
Excretion
Mainly excreted in urine (75-95%) within 24 hours, primarily as metabolites.
Half life
0.5 to 1.6 hours in fast acetylators; 2 to 5 hours in slow acetylators.
Absorption
Rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, though food may delay absorption.
Metabolism
Primarily metabolized in the liver by N-acetylation and hydrolysis. Genetic polymorphism affects acetylation rate.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Hypersensitivity to Isoniazid
- •Acute liver disease or a history of Isoniazid-induced liver injury
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Increases the risk of hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy.
Phenytoin
Isoniazid can inhibit phenytoin metabolism, leading to increased phenytoin levels and toxicity. Monitor phenytoin levels.
Carbamazepine
Isoniazid may inhibit carbamazepine metabolism, increasing carbamazepine levels and risk of toxicity.
Aluminum-containing antacids
May reduce absorption of Isoniazid. Administer at least 1 hour apart.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, slurred speech, hallucinations, and seizures. Severe overdose can lead to metabolic acidosis and coma. Treatment involves airway management, activated charcoal, IV pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) to counter neurological effects, and supportive care.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy category C. Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk. Supplement with pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) to prevent maternal and fetal neuropathy. Excreted into breast milk; generally considered compatible with breastfeeding, but monitor infant for potential side effects.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
3 years from manufacturing date
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, and clinics nationwide
Approval Status
Approved by FDA and DGDA
Patent Status
Expired (Generic available)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesAlternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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