knil
Generic Name
Ketorolac Tromethamine
Manufacturer
MediCorp Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| knil 30 mg injection | ৳ 60.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Knil 30 mg Injection is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the short-term management of moderate to severe acute pain, particularly in a post-operative setting. It works by reducing the production of prostaglandins.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initial dose: 30 mg IM or IV, followed by 15-30 mg every 6 hours as needed. Maximum daily dose should not exceed 120 mg. Duration of treatment should not exceed 5 days.
Elderly
Lower doses are recommended for elderly patients (≥65 years), generally 15 mg every 6 hours. Maximum daily dose should not exceed 60 mg.
Renal_impairment
Dosage reduction is necessary in patients with renal impairment. Contraindicated in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment or advanced renal disease.
How to Take
Knil 30 mg Injection is administered intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV) by a healthcare professional. It should not be given intrathecally or epidurally. The maximum duration of use should not exceed 5 days.
Mechanism of Action
Ketorolac works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, which are responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are key mediators of pain, inflammation, and fever.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Analgesia typically begins within 30 minutes following IM/IV administration.
Excretion
Excreted mainly by the kidneys (approximately 90%), with a small amount excreted in feces.
Half life
The elimination half-life is approximately 5-6 hours in healthy adults.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) administration. Peak plasma concentrations achieved within 30-60 minutes.
Metabolism
Primarily metabolized in the liver via glucuronidation and hydroxylation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ketorolac, aspirin, or other NSAIDs
- Active peptic ulcer, recent gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation
- Moderate to severe renal impairment or advanced renal disease
- History of asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs
- Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
- Concomitant use with other NSAIDs, aspirin, anticoagulants
- Pregnancy (late gestation) and lactation
Drug Interactions
Lithium
May increase plasma lithium levels, leading to toxicity.
Probenecid
Increases plasma levels and half-life of ketorolac.
Methotrexate
Increased methotrexate toxicity.
Other NSAIDs and Aspirin
Increased risk of adverse effects, especially GI effects.
Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin, Heparin)
Increased risk of bleeding.
Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide) and ACE inhibitors
May reduce the natriuretic and antihypertensive effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, lethargy, and drowsiness. Rare symptoms include GI bleeding, hypertension, acute renal failure, and respiratory depression. Management involves symptomatic and supportive care. Gastric decontamination may be considered if ingestion was recent. Hemodialysis is not effective in removing ketorolac from the bloodstream.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Knil 30 mg Injection is contraindicated in the third trimester of pregnancy due to potential fetal harm and premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. Avoid use during lactation as ketorolac is excreted in breast milk.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ketorolac, aspirin, or other NSAIDs
- Active peptic ulcer, recent gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation
- Moderate to severe renal impairment or advanced renal disease
- History of asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs
- Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
- Concomitant use with other NSAIDs, aspirin, anticoagulants
- Pregnancy (late gestation) and lactation
Drug Interactions
Lithium
May increase plasma lithium levels, leading to toxicity.
Probenecid
Increases plasma levels and half-life of ketorolac.
Methotrexate
Increased methotrexate toxicity.
Other NSAIDs and Aspirin
Increased risk of adverse effects, especially GI effects.
Anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin, Heparin)
Increased risk of bleeding.
Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide) and ACE inhibitors
May reduce the natriuretic and antihypertensive effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, lethargy, and drowsiness. Rare symptoms include GI bleeding, hypertension, acute renal failure, and respiratory depression. Management involves symptomatic and supportive care. Gastric decontamination may be considered if ingestion was recent. Hemodialysis is not effective in removing ketorolac from the bloodstream.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Knil 30 mg Injection is contraindicated in the third trimester of pregnancy due to potential fetal harm and premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. Avoid use during lactation as ketorolac is excreted in breast milk.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24-36 months from the date of manufacture.
Availability
Hospitals, Clinics, Pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ketorolac has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety in managing acute pain, particularly in post-operative settings. Ongoing research may explore its role in specific pain syndromes or populations.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (serum creatinine, BUN) should be monitored, especially in elderly patients or those with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential if signs of bleeding or anemia develop.
- Liver function tests (LFTs) with prolonged use.
Doctor Notes
- Maximum duration of treatment is 5 days. Monitor renal function, especially in elderly or renally impaired patients.
- Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible duration to minimize adverse reactions.
- Avoid concomitant use with other NSAIDs or aspirin due to increased risk of adverse events.
Patient Guidelines
- This medication is for short-term use only, typically not exceeding 5 days.
- Report any signs of stomach pain, black stools, or unusual bleeding to your doctor immediately.
- Do not take other NSAIDs or aspirin concurrently without consulting your doctor.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking.
Missed Dose Advice
As this medicine is administered by a healthcare professional, missed doses are unlikely. If a dose is missed, inform your doctor or nurse immediately to reschedule.
Driving Precautions
Knil 30 mg Injection may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or visual disturbances. Patients should be cautious when driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid alcohol consumption while on this medication, as it may increase the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
- Maintain adequate hydration.
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