Adults

Usually 1 capsule daily after meal, or as directed by a physician.

Elderly

Same as adult dosage, or as directed by a physician.

Renal_impairment

Use with caution. Consult a physician for specific dosage adjustment, especially due to mineral content.

Onset

Nutritional effects are gradual, over days to weeks. Energy-boosting effects of Ginseng may be felt within hours or days.

Excretion

Water-soluble vitamins are primarily excreted via urine; fat-soluble vitamins are stored and slowly excreted. Minerals are excreted via urine and feces. Ginseng metabolites are excreted via urine and bile.

Half life

Highly variable depending on specific vitamin/mineral and their storage in the body. Ginseng ginsenosides have variable half-lives depending on the specific compound and metabolism.

Absorption

Vitamins and minerals are absorbed through various pathways in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the small intestine. Ginseng ginsenosides are metabolized by gut bacteria and then absorbed.

Metabolism

Vitamins and minerals undergo various metabolic transformations. Ginseng ginsenosides are primarily metabolized by gut flora and then liver.

Tetracyclines

Some minerals (e.g., Iron, Calcium, Zinc) can interfere with the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. Take separately by at least 2 hours.

Anticoagulants

Ginseng may inhibit platelet aggregation and increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin).

Antidiabetic drugs

Ginseng may lower blood glucose levels, potentially enhancing the effect of antidiabetic medications.