Kaletra
Generic Name
Lopinavir
Manufacturer
Various (e.g., AbbVie for Kaletra)
Country
Global
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Description
Overview of the medicine
Lopinavir is an antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class, used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is typically co-formulated with a low dose of ritonavir, which boosts lopinavir's blood levels.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Standard dose: Lopinavir 400 mg/Ritonavir 100 mg orally twice daily. Once-daily dosing (Lopinavir 800 mg/Ritonavir 200 mg) may be considered for certain patients.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment recommended for elderly patients, but caution is advised due to potential for decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function.
Renal_impairment
No dose adjustment is necessary for patients with renal impairment.
How to Take
Tablets should be taken with food. Oral solution can be taken with or without food. Swallow tablets whole, do not crush or chew.
Mechanism of Action
Lopinavir selectively inhibits HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, preventing the cleavage of viral Gag-Pol polyprotein precursors, resulting in the formation of immature, non-infectious viral particles.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Not acutely relevant for chronic HIV treatment.
Excretion
Primarily excreted in feces (mostly as unchanged drug), minor renal excretion.
Half life
Lopinavir: Approximately 5-6 hours (when boosted by ritonavir).
Absorption
Well absorbed orally, bioavailability significantly enhanced by co-administration with ritonavir.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by CYP3A.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Hypersensitivity to Lopinavir or Ritonavir.
- •Severe hepatic impairment.
- •Concomitant use with drugs highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance and for which elevated plasma concentrations are associated with serious and/or life-threatening events (e.g., simvastatin, midazolam, rifampin).
Drug Interactions
Rifampin
Significantly decreases lopinavir levels, concurrent use contraindicated.
Warfarin
Altered anticoagulant effect, monitor INR.
Midazolam, Triazolam
Increased benzodiazepine levels, leading to prolonged sedation and respiratory depression.
Statins (e.g., Simvastatin, Lovastatin)
Increased statin levels, leading to rhabdomyolysis risk.
Erectile dysfunction drugs (e.g., Sildenafil)
Increased levels of ED drugs, monitor for adverse effects.
Storage
Store below 30°C (86°F). Keep in original container. Protect from moisture.
Overdose
No specific antidote. Treatment of overdose should consist of general supportive measures, including monitoring of vital signs and observation of the patient's clinical status.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Not recommended for use during breastfeeding due to potential for HIV transmission and adverse effects on the infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24-36 months from manufacturing date.
Availability
Available in hospitals and pharmacies
Approval Status
FDA Approved
Patent Status
Generics available (original patents expired)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesAlternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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