Many brands (e.g., Lasix, Esidrix)
Generic Name
Diretic
Manufacturer
Multiple pharmaceutical companies
Country
Global
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Description
Overview of the medicine
Diuretics, often called 'water pills', are medications that increase the excretion of water and salts from the body through the kidneys, leading to increased urine production. They are primarily used to treat conditions associated with fluid retention and high blood pressure.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Dosage varies significantly based on the specific diuretic and condition being treated. For example, Furosemide: initial 20-80 mg orally once daily, adjusted based on response. Hydrochlorothiazide: 12.5-50 mg orally once daily.
Elderly
Lower initial doses are often recommended due to increased sensitivity and potential for renal impairment.
Renal_impairment
Dosage adjustment is usually necessary; some diuretics may be less effective or contraindicated in severe renal impairment.
How to Take
Oral tablets can be taken with or without food, typically in the morning to avoid nocturnal diuresis. Intravenous forms are administered by healthcare professionals.
Mechanism of Action
Diuretics work by affecting different parts of the kidney's tubules to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, which in turn leads to less water reabsorption and increased urine output. Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide) act on the loop of Henle, while thiazide diuretics (e.g., Hydrochlorothiazide) act on the distal convoluted tubule.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Oral: 30-60 minutes; IV: 5 minutes.
Excretion
Primarily renal excretion, some via bile.
Half life
Varies by drug (e.g., Furosemide 0.5-2 hours; Hydrochlorothiazide 6-15 hours).
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed after oral administration, bioavailability varies by drug (e.g., Furosemide 40-70%).
Metabolism
Minimal hepatic metabolism for some, others may undergo partial metabolism.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Anuria (absence of urine production)
- •Hypersensitivity to the drug or sulfonamide derivatives (for some diuretics)
- •Severe electrolyte depletion
- •Hepatic coma or precoma
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May reduce diuretic and antihypertensive effects, increase risk of kidney damage.
Lithium
Diuretics can decrease lithium excretion, leading to increased lithium levels and toxicity.
Corticosteroids
Increased risk of potassium depletion.
ACE inhibitors/ARBs
Increased risk of hypotension and renal dysfunction.
Storage
Store at room temperature (below 30°C), protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms include severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia), hypotension, dizziness, and collapse. Management involves fluid and electrolyte replacement, and supportive care.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Generally avoided unless clearly indicated and benefits outweigh risks. Thiazide diuretics are generally considered safer than loop diuretics during pregnancy if needed. Consult a doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years, depending on the specific product and formulation.
Availability
Available in pharmacies, hospitals, and clinics worldwide
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies globally
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesAlternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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