Maxipen
Generic Name
Ampicillin
Manufacturer
Generic Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| maxipen 500 mg injection | ৳ 1,298.89 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Maxipen 500 mg Injection contains Ampicillin, a penicillin antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
250 mg to 1 g every 4-6 hours, administered intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM), depending on the severity of infection.
Elderly
Dosage may need adjustment based on renal function due to age-related decline in kidney function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage reduction is necessary for patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min. For severe impairment, dose interval may be extended to 8-12 hours or dose reduced.
How to Take
Administer intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM) after reconstitution with appropriate sterile solvent (e.g., sterile water for injection). IV administration should be slow, over 10-15 minutes.
Mechanism of Action
Ampicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to cell lysis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Rapid, typically within minutes after IV administration.
Excretion
Primarily renal excretion (glomerular filtration and tubular secretion) of unchanged drug and metabolites. About 70-80% is excreted unchanged in urine within 6 hours.
Half life
Approximately 1 to 1.5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapid and complete absorption after intramuscular (IM) administration; good systemic absorption after intravenous (IV) administration. Oral absorption is poor.
Metabolism
Minimal hepatic metabolism; about 10-20% is metabolized to inactive penicilloic acid.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to penicillins or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., cephalosporins, carbapenems).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Concurrent use prolongs and increases ampicillin blood levels by inhibiting renal tubular secretion.
Allopurinol
Increased incidence of rash when given concurrently with ampicillin.
Tetracyclines
May antagonize the bactericidal effect of ampicillin. Avoid concomitant use.
Oral Contraceptives
Ampicillin may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives; advise patients to use an alternative or additional method of contraception.
Storage
Store dry powder vials below 30°C (86°F), protected from light and moisture. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or within a short period as specified by the manufacturer (e.g., within 1 hour at room temperature or 8 hours if refrigerated).
Overdose
Overdose symptoms may include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rarely, convulsions. Management is symptomatic and supportive, including maintaining adequate hydration. Hemodialysis can aid in removal.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Ampicillin is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy. It is excreted in breast milk; however, adverse effects in infants are generally mild (e.g., diarrhea, candidiasis). Use with caution in nursing mothers.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to penicillins or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to any beta-lactam antibiotic (e.g., cephalosporins, carbapenems).
Drug Interactions
Probenecid
Concurrent use prolongs and increases ampicillin blood levels by inhibiting renal tubular secretion.
Allopurinol
Increased incidence of rash when given concurrently with ampicillin.
Tetracyclines
May antagonize the bactericidal effect of ampicillin. Avoid concomitant use.
Oral Contraceptives
Ampicillin may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives; advise patients to use an alternative or additional method of contraception.
Storage
Store dry powder vials below 30°C (86°F), protected from light and moisture. Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or within a short period as specified by the manufacturer (e.g., within 1 hour at room temperature or 8 hours if refrigerated).
Overdose
Overdose symptoms may include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rarely, convulsions. Management is symptomatic and supportive, including maintaining adequate hydration. Hemodialysis can aid in removal.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Ampicillin is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy. It is excreted in breast milk; however, adverse effects in infants are generally mild (e.g., diarrhea, candidiasis). Use with caution in nursing mothers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date. Refer to product packaging for exact expiry.
Availability
Hospitals, retail pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies globally
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ampicillin has been extensively studied since its introduction. Numerous clinical trials have established its efficacy and safety profile for various bacterial infections. Ongoing research may explore new applications or formulations.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (creatinine, BUN) for prolonged therapy or in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) during prolonged high-dose therapy.
- Liver function tests (LFTs) periodically, especially in patients with hepatic dysfunction.
Doctor Notes
- Always inquire about patient's penicillin allergy history before administration.
- Adjust dosage in patients with renal impairment.
- Monitor for signs of superinfection or C. difficile-associated diarrhea during prolonged therapy.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve.
- Report any signs of allergic reaction (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing) immediately.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Ampicillin generally does not impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or adverse reactions, avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain adequate hydration during antibiotic therapy.
- Avoid self-medication with antibiotics to prevent resistance.
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International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.