Adults

Usual dose is 1-2 g IV/IM every 8-12 hours, depending on the severity of infection. For severe infections or febrile neutropenia, 2 g IV every 8 hours.

Elderly

Dosage adjustment required based on renal function. Generally, lower doses are administered.

Renal_impairment

Dosage must be adjusted according to creatinine clearance. For CrCl 30-60 mL/min, 500 mg-1 g every 24 hours; for CrCl 10-29 mL/min, 500 mg-1 g every 24 hours; for CrCl <10 mL/min, 500 mg every 24 hours.

Onset

Rapid onset after IV administration (within minutes).

Excretion

Primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys via glomerular filtration (85% within 24 hours).

Half life

Approximately 2 hours in adults with normal renal function.

Absorption

Administered intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM), resulting in complete and rapid absorption.

Metabolism

Minimally metabolized; less than 1% is metabolized.

Metronidazole

Used in combination for anaerobic coverage in intra-abdominal infections, but no significant direct interaction.

Aminoglycosides

Increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity when co-administered. Monitor renal function closely.

Chloramphenicol

May be antagonistic to beta-lactam antibiotics like ceftipime, reducing its effectiveness.

Loop diuretics (e.g., Furosemide)

May increase the risk of nephrotoxicity, particularly in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.

Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)

May enhance the anticoagulant effect, leading to increased bleeding risk. Monitor INR.