Glucophage
Generic Name
Metformin
Manufacturer
Multiple manufacturers (e.g., Bristol-Myers Squibb original)
Country
Multiple countries
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| metfomin 500 mg tablet | ৳ 3.00 | ৳ 30.00 |
| metfomin 850 mg tablet | ৳ 4.00 | ৳ 28.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug used to manage type 2 diabetes, particularly in overweight patients. It helps to lower blood glucose levels by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initial: 500 mg orally twice daily or 850 mg once daily with meals. Titrate gradually to a maximum of 2000-2550 mg/day in divided doses.
Elderly
Start with lower doses and monitor renal function closely due to potential for decreased renal function.
Renal_impairment
Contraindicated if eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m². Max dose 1000 mg/day if eGFR 30-45 mL/min/1.73m².
How to Take
Take orally with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
Mechanism of Action
Metformin primarily works by decreasing hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis) and intestinal absorption of glucose, and by improving insulin sensitivity. Its action involves activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Immediate-release: 2-3 hours; Extended-release: 4-7 hours.
Excretion
Excreted predominantly unchanged in the urine.
Half life
Plasma elimination half-life is approximately 4-9 hours.
Absorption
Oral bioavailability is 50-60%. Food delays and slightly decreases absorption.
Metabolism
Metformin is not metabolized by the liver.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- •Severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m²)
- •Metabolic acidosis (including diabetic ketoacidosis)
- •Hypersensitivity to metformin
- •Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis, with or without coma.
- •Acute myocardial infarction
- •Severe infection
- •Dehydration
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Increases the risk of lactic acidosis.
Cimetidine
May increase metformin plasma concentrations by reducing renal clearance.
Iodinated Contrast Agents
Temporarily discontinue metformin at the time of or prior to an iodinated contrast imaging procedure in patients with an eGFR between 30 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; in patients with a history of liver disease, alcoholism, or heart failure; or in patients who will be administered intra-arterial iodinated contrast.
Storage
Store at room temperature (20-25°C), away from moisture and light. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose of metformin can lead to lactic acidosis. Treatment involves supportive care, correction of acidosis, and hemodialysis for severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Consult a doctor. Generally, insulin is preferred for managing diabetes during pregnancy. Metformin is excreted into human milk; weigh benefits versus risks during lactation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals worldwide
Approval Status
FDA Approved
Patent Status
Off-patent (Generic available)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesAlternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine
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