Metform
Generic Name
Metformin Hydrochloride
Manufacturer
Various Manufacturers
Country
Global
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| metform 850 mg tablet | ৳ 6.00 | ৳ 60.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug used to manage type 2 diabetes. It helps lower blood glucose levels by decreasing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Initial dose 500 mg or 850 mg once daily with the morning meal. Gradually increase to 850 mg two to three times daily, or 500 mg three times daily. Max dose typically 2550 mg/day.
Elderly
Start with a low dose and monitor renal function frequently due to potential decreased renal function.
Renal_impairment
Contraindicated in severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min). Dose adjustment required for eGFR 30-60 mL/min.
How to Take
Take orally with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Swallow tablets whole; do not crush or chew.
Mechanism of Action
Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, reduces intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Full therapeutic effect usually takes several days to develop.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine by renal tubular secretion.
Half life
Plasma elimination half-life is approximately 4-6 hours.
Absorption
Slow and incomplete. Absolute bioavailability is approximately 50-60%. Food decreases the extent and slightly delays the absorption.
Metabolism
Not metabolized in humans. Excreted unchanged in the urine.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²)
- Metabolic acidosis (including diabetic ketoacidosis)
- Hypersensitivity to metformin
- Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Potentiates the effect of metformin on lactate metabolism, increasing the risk of lactic acidosis.
Cimetidine
Increases metformin plasma concentration.
Iodinated contrast agents
Risk of acute renal failure, leading to metformin accumulation and lactic acidosis. Discontinue metformin before or at the time of the procedure.
Certain diuretics (e.g., furosemide)
May increase metformin levels.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C), away from moisture and direct light. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Overdose can lead to lactic acidosis, which is a medical emergency. Treatment involves supportive measures, correction of acidosis, and hemodialysis for metformin removal.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Consult a doctor. Generally, insulin is preferred for blood glucose control during pregnancy. Metformin passes into breast milk in small amounts; evaluate benefits vs. risks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years from manufacturing date, check specific packaging for details.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals globally
Approval Status
Approved (FDA, DGDA, etc.)
Patent Status
Patent expired, widely available as generics
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Metformin has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes management. Ongoing research explores its potential in other conditions like cancer prevention and anti-aging.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (eGFR) should be assessed before initiating therapy and at least annually thereafter (more frequently in elderly or patients with renal impairment).
- Hematologic parameters (e.g., hemoglobin/hematocrit) and Vitamin B12 levels should be monitored periodically.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize the importance of regular renal function monitoring, especially in elderly patients or those with pre-existing renal impairment.
- Educate patients on the symptoms of lactic acidosis and when to seek emergency care.
- Consider vitamin B12 supplementation for patients on long-term metformin therapy, especially if experiencing neuropathy or anemia.
Patient Guidelines
- Take Metformin with food to minimize stomach upset.
- Monitor your blood glucose levels regularly as advised by your doctor.
- Be aware of the symptoms of lactic acidosis (e.g., unusual muscle pain, difficulty breathing, unusual stomach discomfort) and seek immediate medical attention if they occur.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Metformin monotherapy typically does not cause hypoglycemia and therefore usually does not affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if used in combination with other antidiabetic agents that cause hypoglycemia, caution is advised.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise routine to help manage your blood sugar levels.
- Limit alcohol intake.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.