Neocipran
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| neocipran 50 mg tablet | ৳ 15.00 | ৳ 150.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Neocipran (Ciprofloxacin) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, and certain sexually transmitted infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical adult oral dosage ranges from 250 mg to 750 mg twice daily, depending on the type and severity of infection. For uncomplicated UTIs, 250 mg twice daily for 3 days may be used. For severe infections, up to 750 mg twice daily.
Elderly
Dosage adjustment is generally not necessary in elderly patients with normal renal function, but monitor renal function carefully.
Renal_impairment
Dosage should be reduced in patients with significant renal impairment (creatinine clearance <50 mL/min). Consult specific guidelines for dosage adjustments.
How to Take
Oral tablets can be taken with or without food. However, it should not be taken with dairy products (e.g., milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices alone, as these can reduce absorption. Take at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids or supplements containing magnesium, aluminum, calcium, iron, or zinc. Drink plenty of fluids.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV, enzymes required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to DNA strand breaks and ultimately bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
0.5 to 2 hours (oral)
Excretion
Primarily excreted renally via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion (50-70% unchanged drug in urine); also eliminated via feces (15%).
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Well absorbed after oral administration, bioavailability is approximately 70-80%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 0.5-2 hours.
Metabolism
Undergoes limited hepatic metabolism (10-15%) to four active metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Co-administration with tizanidine.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures.
Caffeine
Reduced clearance of caffeine, leading to increased caffeine levels and potential adverse effects.
Warfarin
May enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, increasing bleeding risk. Monitor INR closely.
Tizanidine
Increased plasma concentrations of tizanidine, leading to hypotension and sedation. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentrations of theophylline, leading to toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Antacids/Mineral Supplements
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin. Administer ciprofloxacin 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In the event of an acute overdose, symptoms may include reversible renal toxicity. Management should involve supportive care, including gastric lavage or induced emesis to remove unabsorbed drug. Maintain adequate hydration. Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is unlikely to remove significant amounts of ciprofloxacin.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Ciprofloxacin should generally be avoided during pregnancy due to potential risks of arthropathy in developing fetuses. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk and may cause adverse effects in a nursing infant (e.g., joint problems). Breastfeeding is generally not recommended during treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 to 36 months from the date of manufacture
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by major regulatory bodies globally
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials supporting its efficacy and safety across a wide range of bacterial infections. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance continues to monitor for rare and serious adverse events.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN) for patients with renal impairment or elderly patients.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST) if liver dysfunction is suspected.
- Blood glucose monitoring in diabetic patients due to potential dysglycemia.
Doctor Notes
- Counsel patients on the black box warnings, particularly concerning tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects. Advise immediate discontinuation if these symptoms occur.
- Monitor renal function, especially in elderly patients or those with pre-existing renal impairment, and adjust dosage accordingly.
- Be aware of potential drug interactions, especially with warfarin, theophylline, and antacids. Advise patients to avoid dairy products.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of antibiotic as prescribed, even if you feel better, to prevent recurrence and development of resistance.
- Avoid exposure to excessive sunlight or artificial UV light, as ciprofloxacin can cause photosensitivity. Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing.
- Report any pain, swelling, or inflammation of tendons immediately. Discontinue the medication and consult your doctor.
- Do not take with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices. Take at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids or mineral supplements.
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- This medication may cause dizziness or lightheadedness; avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how it affects you.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, confusion, or visual disturbances. Patients should be advised not to drive or operate machinery until they are certain that ciprofloxacin does not adversely affect their ability to do so.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Drink plenty of water to help flush out bacteria, especially for UTIs.
- Avoid alcohol consumption during treatment as it may exacerbate side effects like dizziness.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.