Nipotin
Generic Name
Epoetin Beta
Manufacturer
Globally available (various manufacturers)
Country
Varies by manufacturer
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| nipotin 2000 iu injection | ৳ 1,100.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Nipotin 2000 IU Injection contains Epoetin Beta, a recombinant human erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production. It is used to treat anemia associated with chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy-induced anemia, and certain other conditions where red blood cell count is low.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Dosage varies significantly based on indication, route of administration (IV or SC), and individual patient response. For CKD-related anemia, typical initial doses are 50-100 IU/kg three times weekly or a higher dose once weekly, adjusted to maintain target hemoglobin levels (e.g., 10-11.5 g/dL).
Elderly
Similar to adult dosage; close monitoring for adverse effects and blood pressure is recommended.
Renal_impairment
Primary indication for use; dosage adjustments are made based on hemoglobin response and target levels.
How to Take
Nipotin Injection can be administered intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC). The chosen route depends on the indication and patient's condition. IV administration is preferred for hemodialysis patients. Ensure proper aseptic technique. Do not shake the vial.
Mechanism of Action
Epoetin Beta stimulates erythropoiesis by acting on erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, promoting their proliferation and differentiation into mature red blood cells. It binds to erythropoietin receptors on these cells, mimicking the action of endogenous erythropoietin.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Hemoglobin levels typically begin to rise within 2-6 weeks of initiation of therapy.
Excretion
Minimal intact Epoetin Beta is excreted renally. The majority is cleared by metabolic degradation.
Half life
The elimination half-life is approximately 4-13 hours after intravenous administration and about 24 hours after subcutaneous administration.
Absorption
Following subcutaneous (SC) administration, absorption is slow and sustained, with peak concentrations reached within 12-18 hours. Bioavailability is approximately 20-40%. Intravenous (IV) administration results in immediate and complete bioavailability.
Metabolism
Primarily catabolized (broken down) in the body, similar to endogenous proteins, by receptor-mediated uptake and degradation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Uncontrolled hypertension.
- Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) unrelated to Epoetin Beta therapy.
- Known hypersensitivity to Epoetin Beta, albumin (human), or any excipients.
Drug Interactions
Immunosuppressants
May affect erythropoietic response; monitor hemoglobin.
No significant direct drug-drug interactions
Epoetin Beta is a protein and not metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. However, ensure adequate iron stores are maintained, as iron deficiency can limit response.
Storage
Store in a refrigerator (2°C to 8°C). Do not freeze. Protect from light. Do not shake.
Overdose
Overdose can lead to polycythemia (excessive red blood cell count) and associated complications like increased blood viscosity, potentially leading to thromboembolic events. Management involves phlebotomy to reduce hematocrit, and supportive care for symptoms.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known whether Epoetin Beta is excreted in human milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Uncontrolled hypertension.
- Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) unrelated to Epoetin Beta therapy.
- Known hypersensitivity to Epoetin Beta, albumin (human), or any excipients.
Drug Interactions
Immunosuppressants
May affect erythropoietic response; monitor hemoglobin.
No significant direct drug-drug interactions
Epoetin Beta is a protein and not metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. However, ensure adequate iron stores are maintained, as iron deficiency can limit response.
Storage
Store in a refrigerator (2°C to 8°C). Do not freeze. Protect from light. Do not shake.
Overdose
Overdose can lead to polycythemia (excessive red blood cell count) and associated complications like increased blood viscosity, potentially leading to thromboembolic events. Management involves phlebotomy to reduce hematocrit, and supportive care for symptoms.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is not known whether Epoetin Beta is excreted in human milk; use with caution in nursing mothers.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 24-36 months when stored under recommended conditions.
Availability
Hospitals, Clinics, Pharmacies
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities
Patent Status
Patent expired for generic, proprietary for brand
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Epoetin Beta has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety in various anemic conditions. Ongoing research includes studies on optimal dosing strategies and long-term outcomes.
Lab Monitoring
- Hemoglobin and Hematocrit levels (at least weekly initially, then less frequently once stable)
- Blood pressure (regularly)
- Serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (to assess iron status)
- Renal function (creatinine, BUN)
- Electrolytes (potassium)
Doctor Notes
- Maintain hemoglobin levels within the target range (e.g., 10-11.5 g/dL) to minimize risks.
- Monitor blood pressure closely, especially during the initial phase of treatment.
- Ensure adequate iron supplementation before and during Epoetin Beta therapy.
- Educate patients on symptoms of serious adverse events, including blood clots and PRCA.
Patient Guidelines
- Do not shake the vial; shaking can denature the protein.
- Store in the refrigerator, do not freeze.
- Follow the prescribed dosage and administration instructions carefully.
- Report any unusual side effects, especially signs of blood clots or sudden increase in blood pressure, immediately to your doctor.
- Ensure regular monitoring of blood tests and blood pressure as advised by your physician.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
This medicine is generally not expected to affect the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or seizures, avoid such activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12, as these are essential for erythropoiesis.
- Stay well-hydrated.
- Discuss with your doctor about appropriate physical activity.
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