Nivoloc
Generic Name
Nivolocacin 500 mg tablet
Manufacturer
Global Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| nivoloc 500 mg tablet | ৳ 15.00 | ৳ 60.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Nivoloc 500 mg tablet is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
500 mg once daily for 7-14 days, depending on the infection type and severity.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is required for elderly patients with normal renal function; monitor renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dose adjustment required. For CrCl 30-50 mL/min: 250 mg once daily; for CrCl <30 mL/min: 250 mg every 48 hours.
How to Take
Take orally with a glass of water, with or without food. Avoid taking with antacids, iron supplements, or dairy products. Complete the full course of medication even if symptoms improve.
Mechanism of Action
Nivolocacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to the disruption of bacterial DNA, resulting in bactericidal activity.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Bactericidal effect usually observed within 1-2 hours of administration.
Excretion
Mainly excreted unchanged via the kidneys (renal excretion) through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. A small portion is excreted in feces.
Half life
Plasma elimination half-life is typically 6-8 hours, allowing for once or twice daily dosing.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; peak plasma concentrations achieved within 1-2 hours. Bioavailability is approximately 80-90%.
Metabolism
Primarily metabolized in the liver to a minor extent; active metabolites are negligible.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to nivolocacin or other fluoroquinolones
- History of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone administration
- Children and adolescents below 18 years of age (due to potential for cartilage damage)
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Increased risk of CNS stimulation and seizures when co-administered with some fluoroquinolones.
Warfarin
Enhanced anticoagulant effect, leading to increased bleeding risk. Monitor INR closely.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of theophylline, leading to potential toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Iron and Zinc Supplements
Reduced absorption of nivolocacin. Take Nivoloc at least 2 hours before or after these supplements.
Antacids (aluminum, magnesium, calcium)
Reduced absorption of nivolocacin. Take Nivoloc at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, seizures, and prolonged QT interval. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic; gastric lavage and activated charcoal may be considered. Hemodialysis is not effective.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in breast milk; therefore, use during lactation is not recommended as it may cause joint damage in the nursing infant.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to nivolocacin or other fluoroquinolones
- History of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone administration
- Children and adolescents below 18 years of age (due to potential for cartilage damage)
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
Increased risk of CNS stimulation and seizures when co-administered with some fluoroquinolones.
Warfarin
Enhanced anticoagulant effect, leading to increased bleeding risk. Monitor INR closely.
Theophylline
Increased plasma levels of theophylline, leading to potential toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels.
Iron and Zinc Supplements
Reduced absorption of nivolocacin. Take Nivoloc at least 2 hours before or after these supplements.
Antacids (aluminum, magnesium, calcium)
Reduced absorption of nivolocacin. Take Nivoloc at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after antacids.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of overdose, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, confusion, seizures, and prolonged QT interval. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic; gastric lavage and activated charcoal may be considered. Hemodialysis is not effective.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in breast milk; therefore, use during lactation is not recommended as it may cause joint damage in the nursing infant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
36 months from the date of manufacture
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals nationwide
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory bodies
Patent Status
Under patent protection
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive Phase III clinical trials demonstrated Nivoloc's efficacy and safety across various bacterial infections, leading to regulatory approval.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (e.g., creatinine, BUN) in patients with impaired renal function
- Complete blood count (CBC) if used for prolonged periods
- Liver function tests (LFTs) in patients with pre-existing hepatic impairment or prolonged use
- INR for patients concomitantly receiving warfarin
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize completing the full course to prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Counsel patients on potential tendon-related adverse effects and to report symptoms promptly.
- Caution in elderly patients and those with a history of seizures or QT prolongation.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire course of medication as prescribed, even if you feel better.
- Do not share your medication with others, and do not save it for future infections.
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids during treatment.
- Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light, as it may increase photosensitivity.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Nivoloc may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. If you experience these effects, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene practices to prevent the spread of infection.
- Get adequate rest to support your body's recovery.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.