Orozole
Generic Name
Metronidazole
Manufacturer
Example Pharma Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| orozole 400 mg tablet | ৳ 1.27 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication used to treat a wide variety of infections, including parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and genitourinary system, as well as anaerobic bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical dose is 400 mg three times daily for 7-10 days for most anaerobic infections. For trichomoniasis, 2 g single dose or 250 mg three times daily for 7 days. For amebiasis, 400-800 mg three times daily for 5-10 days.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment required, but caution advised due to potential for decreased hepatic function.
Renal_impairment
No dose adjustment for mild to moderate impairment. For severe renal failure (CrCl <10 mL/min), dosage may be reduced by 50% or interval extended.
How to Take
Take orally, preferably with or after food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve.
Mechanism of Action
Metronidazole works by entering the bacterial or protozoal cells and forming reactive nitro radical anions, which damage DNA and other vital biomolecules, leading to cell death. It is effective against anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoa.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Varies by infection, generally within a few hours to days.
Excretion
Primarily renal (60-80% as metabolites and unchanged drug), some fecal excretion (6-15%).
Half life
Approximately 8 hours (range 6-12 hours).
Absorption
Well absorbed orally, peak plasma concentrations typically within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Primarily hepatic, mainly by oxidation with side-chain cleavage and glucuronide conjugation.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives
- First trimester of pregnancy (relative contraindication for trichomoniasis)
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Disulfiram-like reaction (nausea, vomiting, flushing, tachycardia, shortness of breath)
Lithium
Increased serum lithium levels and potential for toxicity
Warfarin
Potentiates anticoagulant effect, increased risk of bleeding
Cimetidine
May prolong metronidazole half-life, increasing plasma concentrations
Disulfiram
Psychotic reactions; concurrent use should be avoided
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, ataxia, and mild disorientation. Management is primarily supportive and symptomatic; there is no specific antidote.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Category B for pregnancy. Avoid during the first trimester. Use with caution in later trimesters if benefits outweigh risks. Metronidazole is excreted in breast milk; a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or the drug, considering the importance of the drug to the mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives
- First trimester of pregnancy (relative contraindication for trichomoniasis)
Drug Interactions
Alcohol
Disulfiram-like reaction (nausea, vomiting, flushing, tachycardia, shortness of breath)
Lithium
Increased serum lithium levels and potential for toxicity
Warfarin
Potentiates anticoagulant effect, increased risk of bleeding
Cimetidine
May prolong metronidazole half-life, increasing plasma concentrations
Disulfiram
Psychotic reactions; concurrent use should be avoided
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, ataxia, and mild disorientation. Management is primarily supportive and symptomatic; there is no specific antidote.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Category B for pregnancy. Avoid during the first trimester. Use with caution in later trimesters if benefits outweigh risks. Metronidazole is excreted in breast milk; a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or the drug, considering the importance of the drug to the mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
3 years from manufacturing date
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by FDA/DGDA
Patent Status
Generic available
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of Metronidazole for various indications since its introduction.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (for prolonged high-dose therapy)
- Complete blood count (for prolonged therapy)
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize strict adherence to the full course of treatment.
- Counsel patients on avoiding alcohol completely during therapy and for at least 3 days post-treatment.
- Monitor for neurological symptoms, especially with prolonged use.
- Consider drug interactions, particularly with anticoagulants and lithium.
Patient Guidelines
- Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
- Do not stop taking the medicine early, even if you feel better.
- Avoid alcohol during treatment and for at least 3 days after.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking.
Missed Dose Advice
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Metronidazole may cause dizziness or drowsiness in some individuals. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid alcohol. Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection for certain conditions.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.