Profloxin
Generic Name
profloxin-500-mg-tablet
Manufacturer
Example Pharmaceutical Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| profloxin 500 mg tablet | ৳ 14.00 | ৳ 140.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Profloxin 500 mg Tablet is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typically 250-750 mg orally twice daily, depending on the type and severity of infection. For uncomplicated UTIs, 250 mg twice daily for 3 days. For more severe infections, 500-750 mg twice daily for 7-14 days.
Elderly
Similar to adult dosage, but dose adjustment may be necessary based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dose reduction is required for patients with creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min. For CrCl 30-60 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 12 hours; for CrCl <30 mL/min, 250-500 mg every 18-24 hours.
How to Take
Take the tablet whole with water, with or without food. Do not chew or crush. Avoid taking with dairy products (milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices, antacids, or other products containing magnesium, aluminum, iron, or zinc, as these can reduce absorption. Separate administration by at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after such products.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin, the active ingredient, inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination, leading to bactericidal action.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Clinical effect typically observed within 1-2 hours after administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine (50-70%) via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, with a smaller portion eliminated in feces (15%).
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapidly and well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; absolute bioavailability is approximately 70%. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Undergoes limited hepatic metabolism (15-30%) via CYP1A2 pathway to form several less active metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
- Concomitant use with tizanidine.
Drug Interactions
Caffeine
Reduced clearance of caffeine, leading to increased caffeine levels and potential adverse effects.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effects, increasing the risk of bleeding. Monitor INR closely.
Tizanidine
Increased plasma concentrations of tizanidine, leading to hypotension and sedation. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
Methotrexate
Increased plasma concentrations of methotrexate, increasing the risk of toxicity.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentrations of theophylline, leading to toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels and adjust dose as needed.
Antacids (Mg/Al), Iron, Zinc, Sucralfate
Decreased oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin due to chelation. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of acute overdose, gastric lavage or emesis may be induced. Patients should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment, including monitoring of renal function and urine pH. Adequate hydration should be maintained.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted into human breast milk; therefore, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones.
- Concomitant use with tizanidine.
Drug Interactions
Caffeine
Reduced clearance of caffeine, leading to increased caffeine levels and potential adverse effects.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effects, increasing the risk of bleeding. Monitor INR closely.
Tizanidine
Increased plasma concentrations of tizanidine, leading to hypotension and sedation. Concomitant use is contraindicated.
Methotrexate
Increased plasma concentrations of methotrexate, increasing the risk of toxicity.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentrations of theophylline, leading to toxicity. Monitor theophylline levels and adjust dose as needed.
Antacids (Mg/Al), Iron, Zinc, Sucralfate
Decreased oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin due to chelation. Administer ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these agents.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of acute overdose, gastric lavage or emesis may be induced. Patients should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment, including monitoring of renal function and urine pH. Adequate hydration should be maintained.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted into human breast milk; therefore, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
2-3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Off-patent (for Ciprofloxacin)
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has been extensively studied in numerous clinical trials since its introduction, demonstrating efficacy and safety in various bacterial infections across diverse patient populations. Post-marketing surveillance data also contributes to its safety profile.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (creatinine, BUN) if impaired renal function is suspected or in elderly patients.
- Liver function tests (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase) in patients with pre-existing hepatic disease or if symptoms of liver injury occur.
- INR (International Normalized Ratio) if co-administered with warfarin.
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients regarding the black box warnings associated with fluoroquinolones, especially tendinitis, tendon rupture, and peripheral neuropathy. Counsel on prompt discontinuation if these symptoms arise.
- Consider dose adjustment in elderly patients or those with renal impairment. Monitor for QTc prolongation in at-risk patients.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of medication even if symptoms improve.
- Stay well-hydrated to prevent crystalluria.
- Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light, as photosensitivity may occur.
- Report any joint pain, swelling, or tendon discomfort immediately to your doctor.
- Do not take antacids, dairy products, or mineral supplements within 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking ciprofloxacin.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. Patients should be cautioned against operating machinery or driving a car until they are reasonably certain that ciprofloxacin does not affect them adversely.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day.
- Follow a balanced diet and rest adequately.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.