Prolok
Generic Name
Omeprazole
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| prolok 40 mg capsule | ৳ 9.00 | ৳ 90.00 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Prolok 40 mg Capsule contains Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used to reduce the amount of acid produced in the stomach. It is prescribed for conditions such as heartburn, acid reflux, stomach ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Typical dosage is 20-40 mg once daily, usually in the morning before a meal. For some conditions like severe GERD or Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, higher doses or twice daily administration may be required.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is generally required for elderly patients, but caution should be exercised and potential for drug interactions monitored.
Renal_impairment
No dose adjustment is necessary for patients with impaired renal function.
How to Take
Take the capsule whole with a glass of water, usually in the morning before a meal. Do not chew or crush the capsule, as this may affect its enteric coating.
Mechanism of Action
Omeprazole works by irreversibly binding to and inhibiting the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme (the proton pump) on the secretory surface of the parietal cells in the stomach. This effectively blocks the final step in gastric acid production, leading to a significant and prolonged reduction in stomach acid.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Acid secretion inhibition occurs within 1 hour, with maximum effect within 2 hours.
Excretion
Approximately 80% of metabolites are excreted in the urine and about 20% in the feces.
Half life
Plasma elimination half-life is short, about 0.5 to 1 hour, but the duration of acid suppression is much longer due to irreversible binding.
Absorption
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 0.5 to 3.5 hours. Bioavailability is approximately 30-40% after a single dose, increasing with repeated administration.
Metabolism
Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C19 (responsible for the major part of metabolism) and CYP3A4.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Omeprazole or any component of the formulation
- Concomitant use with nelfinavir (an antiretroviral drug)
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
Increased INR/prothrombin time; monitor closely.
Iron Salts
Reduced absorption of iron salts due to decreased gastric acidity.
Nelfinavir
Significant reduction in nelfinavir plasma levels, avoid concomitant use.
Tacrolimus
May increase tacrolimus levels; monitor concentrations and adjust dose.
Clopidogrel
Omeprazole may reduce the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel by inhibiting CYP2C19. Concomitant use should be avoided.
Methotrexate
May increase methotrexate levels, especially with high doses; consider temporary PPI discontinuation.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose are generally mild and self-limiting, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and headache. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Omeprazole is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but use only if clearly needed and advised by a doctor. It is excreted in breast milk, so it should be used with caution during lactation. Consult your doctor.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24-36 months (typically 2 years)
Availability
Available in pharmacies nationwide
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory bodies (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic available, original patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Omeprazole has undergone extensive clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety in various acid-related disorders, including GERD, peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. These trials have established its role as a first-line treatment in many conditions.
Lab Monitoring
- Monitor magnesium levels in patients on long-term therapy (especially with diuretics).
- Monitor Vitamin B12 levels during prolonged treatment (e.g., >3 years).
- Monitor liver enzymes in patients with pre-existing hepatic impairment.
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients on lifestyle modifications alongside medication.
- Be mindful of drug interactions, especially with clopidogrel and warfarin.
- For long-term use, consider monitoring magnesium and Vitamin B12 levels.
- Prescribe the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible to mitigate long-term risks.
Patient Guidelines
- Take the capsule exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
- Do not crush, chew, or open the capsule; swallow it whole.
- If taking once daily, take it in the morning before breakfast.
- Inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Omeprazole generally does not impair the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience side effects like dizziness or visual disturbances, avoid driving or operating machinery until you feel well.
Lifestyle Advice
- Avoid foods that trigger your acid reflux symptoms, such as fatty, spicy, or acidic foods.
- Limit alcohol and caffeine intake.
- Avoid smoking, as it can worsen acid reflux.
- Maintain a healthy weight and elevate your head during sleep.
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