Qmax
Generic Name
Ciprofloxacin
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| qmax 100 mg tablet | ৳ 10.03 | ৳ 100.30 |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class. It is used to treat various bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and certain gastrointestinal infections. The 100 mg tablet is often prescribed for specific mild infections or pediatric use.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
For uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: 100 mg twice daily for 3-7 days. Other infections usually require higher doses (e.g., 250-750 mg twice daily depending on the infection type and severity).
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment is required for elderly patients with normal renal function. For severe renal impairment, dose reduction is necessary.
Renal_impairment
Dosage should be adjusted based on creatinine clearance. For CrCl 30-60 mL/min, reduce dose by 50%. For CrCl <30 mL/min, further reduction is needed; consult prescribing information.
How to Take
Take the tablet orally with a glass of water, with or without food. Avoid taking it with dairy products (milk, yogurt) or calcium-fortified juices, as these can reduce absorption. Take approximately at the same time each day.
Mechanism of Action
Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This leads to disruption of bacterial DNA processes and ultimately bacterial cell death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 1-2 hours after oral administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted by the kidneys (60-70% as unchanged drug) and to a lesser extent via feces (15%).
Half life
Approximately 3-5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Rapidly and well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Bioavailability is approximately 70-80%. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver (10-20%) to several less active metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Co-administration with Tizanidine (risk of severe hypotension and somnolence).
- History of tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolone use.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures when co-administered with high doses of ciprofloxacin.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect, requiring close monitoring of INR.
Tizanidine
Contraindicated due to significant increase in Tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to hypotension and sedation.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentrations of Theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity.
Antacids/Dairy Products/Iron/Zinc
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin; take ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these products.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of an overdose, symptoms may include dizziness, tremor, headache, fatigue, seizures, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Management is primarily supportive, including gastric lavage and hydration. Ciprofloxacin is not well removed from the body by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk and may cause adverse effects in the nursing infant; therefore, it is generally advised to avoid during lactation or discontinue breastfeeding.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones.
- Co-administration with Tizanidine (risk of severe hypotension and somnolence).
- History of tendinitis or tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolone use.
Drug Interactions
NSAIDs
May increase the risk of CNS stimulation and convulsive seizures when co-administered with high doses of ciprofloxacin.
Warfarin
Potentiation of anticoagulant effect, requiring close monitoring of INR.
Tizanidine
Contraindicated due to significant increase in Tizanidine plasma concentrations, leading to hypotension and sedation.
Theophylline
Increased plasma concentrations of Theophylline, leading to increased risk of toxicity.
Antacids/Dairy Products/Iron/Zinc
Reduced absorption of ciprofloxacin; take ciprofloxacin at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after these products.
Storage
Store below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
In case of an overdose, symptoms may include dizziness, tremor, headache, fatigue, seizures, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Management is primarily supportive, including gastric lavage and hydration. Ciprofloxacin is not well removed from the body by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C. Ciprofloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Ciprofloxacin is excreted into breast milk and may cause adverse effects in the nursing infant; therefore, it is generally advised to avoid during lactation or discontinue breastfeeding.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 to 36 months from manufacturing date.
Availability
Available in pharmacies and hospitals
Approval Status
Approved by FDA and DGDA
Patent Status
Expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Ciprofloxacin has undergone extensive clinical trials supporting its efficacy and safety for various bacterial infections. Ongoing post-marketing surveillance continues to monitor its long-term effects and rare adverse events.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function tests (especially in elderly or renally impaired patients)
- Liver function tests (baseline and periodically, if prolonged use)
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Blood glucose (in diabetic patients)
Doctor Notes
- Assess renal function before initiating treatment and adjust dosage accordingly.
- Counsel patients on the Black Box Warning, particularly regarding tendon rupture and neurological adverse effects.
- Monitor for drug interactions, especially with Warfarin and Theophylline.
- Advise patients to report any serious side effects promptly.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the entire course of medication, even if symptoms improve, to prevent bacterial resistance.
- Avoid exposure to excessive sunlight or artificial UV light, as ciprofloxacin can cause photosensitivity.
- Report any joint pain, swelling, or tendon discomfort immediately to your doctor.
- Do not take antacids, iron supplements, or zinc supplements within 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking ciprofloxacin.
Missed Dose Advice
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Driving Precautions
Ciprofloxacin may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual disturbances. Patients should be advised to know how they react to the drug before driving or operating machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid strenuous exercise while taking this medication, especially if you experience joint or tendon pain.
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