Adults

One tablet daily, or as directed by a healthcare professional.

Elderly

One tablet daily, or as directed by a healthcare professional. No specific dosage adjustment usually required for elderly.

Renal_impairment

Consult a healthcare professional. Dosage adjustment may be required in severe renal impairment due to accumulation risk of certain minerals.

Onset

Nutritional benefits are typically observed with consistent daily use over several weeks.

Excretion

Water-soluble vitamins and excess minerals are primarily excreted via the kidneys in urine. Fat-soluble vitamins are excreted via bile and feces.

Half life

Half-lives vary greatly for individual vitamins and minerals, ranging from hours to days or longer.

Absorption

Vitamins and minerals are absorbed in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily the small intestine, through various active and passive transport mechanisms. Bioavailability varies depending on the specific nutrient and dietary factors.

Metabolism

Water-soluble vitamins are not extensively stored and are primarily metabolized and excreted. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and the liver. Minerals are utilized in metabolic processes.

Antacids

May reduce absorption of certain minerals (e.g., iron, zinc). Take multivitamin at least 2 hours before or after antacids.

Levothyroxine

Iron and calcium can interfere with levothyroxine absorption. Administer at least 4 hours apart.

Diuretics (e.g., Thiazides)

May affect calcium levels. Monitor as necessary.

Certain Antibiotics (e.g., Tetracyclines, Quinolones)

Minerals like calcium, iron, and zinc can chelate these antibiotics, reducing their absorption. Take multivitamin several hours apart from these antibiotics.