Rice-Saline
Generic Name
Rice-based Oral Rehydration Salt
Manufacturer
Various manufacturers globally (e.g., icddr,b, UNICEF, local pharmaceutical companies)
Country
Global, often manufactured locally in many developing countries
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| rice saline powder | ৳ 12.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Rice-saline-powder is an oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing electrolytes and rice powder, used to replace fluids and electrolytes lost due to diarrhea or vomiting. The rice component provides complex carbohydrates that are slowly digested, releasing glucose and improving water absorption, potentially reducing stool output compared to glucose-based ORS.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Mild to moderate dehydration: 2-4 sachets (1-2 liters) over 4-6 hours, then 100-200 mL after each loose stool. Severe dehydration: Requires intravenous fluids initially, then ORS when able to drink.
Elderly
Same as adults, with careful monitoring for fluid overload in those with cardiac or renal impairment.
Renal_impairment
Use with caution. Avoid in severe renal failure. Monitor serum electrolytes closely.
How to Take
Dissolve the contents of one sachet in the specified amount of clean drinking water (e.g., 500 mL or 1 liter) as directed on the packet. Drink small, frequent sips. Do not boil the solution after preparation. Use within 12 hours if kept at room temperature or 24 hours if refrigerated.
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism relies on the co-transport of sodium and glucose (or glucose derived from rice starch hydrolysis) across the intestinal wall. Water follows by osmosis, rehydrating the patient. The rice starch provides a sustained release of glucose, which some studies suggest can further reduce stool volume and duration of diarrhea compared to standard glucose-based ORS.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Clinical improvement in hydration status typically begins within 30-60 minutes after initiation of adequate intake.
Excretion
Excess electrolytes are primarily excreted via the kidneys. Water is excreted via kidneys (urine), skin (sweat), and lungs (respiration).
Half life
Not applicable as it's a rehydration solution, not a drug with a specific half-life. Electrolytes are continuously absorbed and excreted.
Absorption
Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Citrate) and glucose (from rice starch hydrolysis) are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the small intestine, through active and passive transport mechanisms. Water absorption follows osmotically.
Metabolism
Rice starch is hydrolyzed by amylase in the gut to glucose, which is then metabolized as energy. Electrolytes are not metabolized.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Severe dehydration requiring intravenous fluids (until patient can drink)
- Paralytic ileus
- Intestinal obstruction
- Continuous vomiting making oral intake impossible
- Glucose malabsorption
Drug Interactions
Diuretics
Monitor serum electrolytes carefully as diuretics can alter electrolyte balance. No direct interaction with ORS has been reported.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Once prepared, solution should be used within 12 hours at room temperature or 24 hours if refrigerated.
Overdose
Overdose is unlikely with proper preparation and administration, as the kidneys regulate electrolyte levels. However, excessive intake, especially in individuals with renal impairment, could theoretically lead to hypernatremia or hyperkalemia. Treatment involves discontinuing ORS and correcting electrolyte imbalances.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Considered safe and essential for pregnant and lactating women experiencing dehydration due to diarrhea. Fluid and electrolyte replacement is crucial.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Severe dehydration requiring intravenous fluids (until patient can drink)
- Paralytic ileus
- Intestinal obstruction
- Continuous vomiting making oral intake impossible
- Glucose malabsorption
Drug Interactions
Diuretics
Monitor serum electrolytes carefully as diuretics can alter electrolyte balance. No direct interaction with ORS has been reported.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place, below 30°C. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Once prepared, solution should be used within 12 hours at room temperature or 24 hours if refrigerated.
Overdose
Overdose is unlikely with proper preparation and administration, as the kidneys regulate electrolyte levels. However, excessive intake, especially in individuals with renal impairment, could theoretically lead to hypernatremia or hyperkalemia. Treatment involves discontinuing ORS and correcting electrolyte imbalances.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Considered safe and essential for pregnant and lactating women experiencing dehydration due to diarrhea. Fluid and electrolyte replacement is crucial.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years when stored unopened in original packaging.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, health centers, supermarkets
Approval Status
Approved by WHO and national drug regulatory authorities (e.g., DGDA)
Patent Status
Expired/Public Domain
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Numerous clinical trials comparing rice-based ORS with glucose-based ORS have shown rice-based ORS to be equally effective or superior in reducing stool output and duration of diarrhea, particularly in cholera.
Lab Monitoring
- Generally not required for routine use in mild to moderate dehydration.
- Serum electrolytes (Na+, K+) and renal function (creatinine) in severe cases or in patients with underlying renal or cardiac conditions.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize correct preparation with clean water.
- Advise continuous feeding (especially breastfeeding) during ORS therapy.
- Educate parents on signs of worsening dehydration requiring immediate medical attention.
Patient Guidelines
- Always use clean, boiled, or purified water for preparation.
- Do not add sugar or other substances to the solution.
- Administer frequently in small amounts, especially to children.
- Continue feeding infants and children during diarrhea.
- Discard any unused solution after 12-24 hours.
Missed Dose Advice
As ORS is taken as needed to replenish fluids, there is no 'missed dose' in the traditional sense. Continue to administer as indicated for ongoing fluid loss.
Driving Precautions
None specific. Dehydration itself might impair ability, but ORS helps restore it.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene practices (handwashing) to prevent further spread of infection.
- Ensure access to safe drinking water.
- Continue breastfeeding for infants.
- Eat light, easily digestible foods.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.