salclox
Generic Name
Cloxacillin 125 mg/5 ml Suspension
Manufacturer
Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| salclox 125 mg suspension | ৳ 43.66 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cloxacillin is a penicillin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci. It is effective against various infections of the skin, soft tissue, bone, joints, and respiratory tract.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
250-500 mg every 6 hours, 30-60 minutes before meals. For severe infections, dosage may be increased.
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment generally needed unless severe renal impairment is present.
Children
12.5-25 mg/kg body weight per day in divided doses every 6 hours, or as directed by the physician. Typical dose for 125mg/5ml suspension: 5 ml (125 mg) four times daily for children over 2 years.
Renal_impairment
Dose reduction may be necessary in severe renal impairment (e.g., creatinine clearance < 10 ml/min).
How to Take
Oral. Should be taken on an empty stomach (at least 30-60 minutes before meals or 2 hours after meals) for optimal absorption. Shake well before use.
Mechanism of Action
Cloxacillin is a bactericidal antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located in the bacterial cell wall, thereby interfering with the transpeptidation reaction and preventing the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links, essential for cell wall integrity. This leads to cell lysis and bacterial death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Therapeutic concentrations are generally reached within 30-60 minutes after oral administration.
Excretion
Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine, with some biliary excretion.
Half life
Approximately 0.5-1.5 hours in adults with normal renal function.
Absorption
Well absorbed orally, but food reduces absorption significantly. Peak plasma concentrations typically occur 1-2 hours after an oral dose.
Metabolism
Partially metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Cloxacillin or any other penicillin antibiotic.
- Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins (cross-reactivity possible).
- History of severe allergic reactions to any beta-lactam antibiotic.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin (monitor INR closely).
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs plasma levels of cloxacillin by inhibiting renal tubular secretion.
Methotrexate
May reduce the renal excretion of methotrexate, increasing its toxicity.
Oral Contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives (advise additional contraception).
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted suspension should be stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and discarded after 7-14 days.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rarely, convulsions at very high doses. Treatment is largely symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis may be beneficial in severe cases, especially with renal impairment.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Generally considered safe, but use only if clearly needed. Cloxacillin is excreted in breast milk in small amounts; use with caution during lactation and monitor for potential effects on the infant (e.g., diarrhea, candidiasis).
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Cloxacillin or any other penicillin antibiotic.
- Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins (cross-reactivity possible).
- History of severe allergic reactions to any beta-lactam antibiotic.
Drug Interactions
Warfarin
May increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin (monitor INR closely).
Probenecid
Increases and prolongs plasma levels of cloxacillin by inhibiting renal tubular secretion.
Methotrexate
May reduce the renal excretion of methotrexate, increasing its toxicity.
Oral Contraceptives
May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives (advise additional contraception).
Storage
Store the dry powder below 30°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep out of reach of children. Reconstituted suspension should be stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C) and discarded after 7-14 days.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and rarely, convulsions at very high doses. Treatment is largely symptomatic and supportive. Hemodialysis may be beneficial in severe cases, especially with renal impairment.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Generally considered safe, but use only if clearly needed. Cloxacillin is excreted in breast milk in small amounts; use with caution during lactation and monitor for potential effects on the infant (e.g., diarrhea, candidiasis).
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
24 months (unopened). Reconstituted suspension: 7-14 days when stored in a refrigerator (2-8°C).
Availability
Pharmacies, Hospitals
Approval Status
Approved (DGDA in Bangladesh)
Patent Status
Off-patent
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Cloxacillin has undergone numerous clinical trials since its introduction, establishing its efficacy and safety profile for various bacterial infections. Ongoing surveillance monitors resistance patterns.
Lab Monitoring
- Liver function tests (in prolonged therapy or existing liver impairment).
- Renal function tests (in prolonged therapy or existing renal impairment).
- Complete blood count (in prolonged therapy).
Doctor Notes
- Prescribe appropriate duration for treatment to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
- Advise patients on the critical importance of completing the full course of therapy.
- Monitor liver and renal function in patients on prolonged cloxacillin therapy or with pre-existing impairment.
- Be aware of potential cross-allergenicity with other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full prescribed course of treatment even if symptoms improve to prevent resistance.
- Do not share this medicine with others.
- Take on an empty stomach for best absorption.
- Shake the suspension well before each use.
- Report any severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, swelling, difficulty breathing) immediately.
Missed Dose Advice
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Generally safe, but if dizziness or confusion occurs, avoid driving or operating machinery until you feel well.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids.
- Avoid alcohol, as it can worsen gastrointestinal side effects.
- Consume probiotics (yogurt or supplements) if diarrhea occurs due to antibiotic use.
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Global Brand Names
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