Various topical brands (e.g., Saliderm, ACNISYL)
Generic Name
Salicylic Acid
Manufacturer
Various Manufacturers
Country
Global
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Description
Overview of the medicine
Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) commonly used in dermatology for its keratolytic (exfoliating), comedolytic (pore-unclogging), and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps in shedding the outer layer of the skin, treating acne, psoriasis, warts, and other hyperkeratotic conditions.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Topical application 1-3 times daily, or as directed by physician. Concentration varies by indication (e.g., 0.5-2% for acne, 3-6% for psoriasis, 10-60% for warts).
Elderly
No specific dose adjustment; use with caution due to thinner skin.
Renal_impairment
Use with caution, especially on large areas or broken skin, due to potential for systemic absorption and impaired excretion.
How to Take
Apply a thin layer to the affected skin area after cleansing. Wash hands before and after application. Avoid contact with eyes, mucous membranes, and broken skin. For warts/calluses, soak the area in warm water first and apply carefully.
Mechanism of Action
Salicylic acid works by dissolving the intercellular cement that holds stratum corneum cells together, promoting exfoliation. It is also a lipophilic agent, allowing it to penetrate sebaceous follicles and exert comedolytic effects. It has mild anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Days to weeks for full effect (e.g., acne treatment); more rapid for immediate exfoliation.
Excretion
Excreted renally (via urine) as metabolites and unchanged drug.
Half life
Approx. 2-4.5 hours when absorbed systemically.
Absorption
Minimal systemic absorption through intact skin; increased absorption on damaged skin or large areas. Systemic absorption can lead to salicylism.
Metabolism
Primarily metabolized in the liver to salicyluric acid, glucuronides, and gentisic acid.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to salicylic acid or other salicylates
- Use on irritated, inflamed, infected, or broken skin
- Application to large body areas
- Use in children under 2 years (risk of salicylism)
- Diabetic patients or those with poor circulation (for wart removers)
Drug Interactions
Topical corticosteroids
May reduce efficacy of corticosteroids, or increase absorption of salicylic acid if skin barrier is compromised.
Other topical keratolytics (e.g., retinoids, benzoyl peroxide)
Increased skin irritation and dryness.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C), away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep tightly closed.
Overdose
Topical overdose is rare but extensive application, especially on broken skin, can lead to systemic salicylate toxicity (salicylism) symptoms: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tinnitus, hyperpnea, confusion. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, including discontinuation of the product and hydration.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C (topical). Use with caution and only if clearly needed after consulting a physician, especially for large areas or prolonged use. Limited data on excretion into breast milk; use with caution.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to salicylic acid or other salicylates
- Use on irritated, inflamed, infected, or broken skin
- Application to large body areas
- Use in children under 2 years (risk of salicylism)
- Diabetic patients or those with poor circulation (for wart removers)
Drug Interactions
Topical corticosteroids
May reduce efficacy of corticosteroids, or increase absorption of salicylic acid if skin barrier is compromised.
Other topical keratolytics (e.g., retinoids, benzoyl peroxide)
Increased skin irritation and dryness.
Storage
Store at room temperature (15-30°C), away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep tightly closed.
Overdose
Topical overdose is rare but extensive application, especially on broken skin, can lead to systemic salicylate toxicity (salicylism) symptoms: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tinnitus, hyperpnea, confusion. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, including discontinuation of the product and hydration.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category C (topical). Use with caution and only if clearly needed after consulting a physician, especially for large areas or prolonged use. Limited data on excretion into breast milk; use with caution.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date; refer to product specific packaging for exact expiry.
Availability
Pharmacies, drugstores, supermarkets, online
Approval Status
Widely approved, often OTC for lower strengths
Patent Status
Generic/Expired
Clinical Trials
Salicylic acid has been extensively studied for decades for its efficacy in acne, psoriasis, and other dermatological conditions. It is a well-established topical agent.
Lab Monitoring
- Generally not required for topical use. In cases of suspected systemic toxicity, monitor salicylate levels, electrolytes, and acid-base balance.
Doctor Notes
- Advise patients on appropriate skin care regimen.
- Educate on signs of systemic toxicity (tinnitus, hyperpnea).
- Caution against using on large areas, broken skin, or in young children.
- Consider starting with lower concentrations and gradually increasing as tolerated.
Patient Guidelines
- Use exactly as directed by your doctor or as per package instructions.
- Avoid applying to eyes, mouth, nose, genitals, or open wounds.
- If irritation occurs, reduce frequency or discontinue use.
- Do not use other acne medications or skin exfoliants unless directed by a doctor.
- Keep out of reach of children.
Missed Dose Advice
If a dose is missed, apply it as soon as remembered. If it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Topical salicylic acid does not impair the ability to drive or operate machinery.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good skin hygiene.
- Use a gentle cleanser and moisturizer suitable for your skin type.
- Avoid excessive sun exposure, as salicylic acid can increase sun sensitivity; use sunscreen.
- Do not pick or squeeze acne lesions.
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.