Sepra-S
Generic Name
Cephalexin
Manufacturer
General Pharmaceutical Company (example)
Country
Bangladesh
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Price Details
Current market pricing information
| Variant | Unit Price | Strip Price |
|---|---|---|
| sepra s 500 mg capsule | ৳ 15.00 | N/A |
Description
Overview of the medicine
Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
Uses & Indications
Dosage
Adults
Usually 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hours or 500 mg every 12 hours, depending on the severity of infection. Max 4 g/day.
Elderly
Similar to adults, but dosage adjustment may be needed based on renal function.
Renal_impairment
Dosage reduction is required. e.g., CrCl 30-50 mL/min: 500 mg every 8-12 hours; CrCl 10-29 mL/min: 500 mg every 12-24 hours; CrCl <10 mL/min: 500 mg every 24-48 hours.
How to Take
Take orally, with or without food. To minimize gastrointestinal upset, it can be taken with food.
Mechanism of Action
Cephalexin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.
Pharmacokinetics
Onset
Within 1-2 hours
Excretion
Mainly by renal excretion (glomerular filtration and tubular secretion).
Half life
Approximately 0.5-1.2 hours (longer in renal impairment)
Absorption
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, especially on an empty stomach.
Metabolism
Minimal metabolism; primarily excreted unchanged.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cephalexin or other cephalosporins
- History of severe allergic reaction to penicillin (due to potential cross-reactivity)
Drug Interactions
Metformin
Cephalexin may increase metformin concentrations; monitor for hypoglycemia.
Probenecid
Probenecid can increase and prolong cephalexin plasma levels.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May increase INR; monitor coagulation parameters.
Live bacterial vaccines (e.g., Typhoid)
May reduce the therapeutic effect of the vaccine.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and hematuria. Management is supportive, including gastric lavage or activated charcoal if recent ingestion, and maintaining hydration. Hemodialysis may be useful in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Generally considered safe. Small amounts excreted in breast milk; generally considered compatible with breastfeeding, but observe infant for diarrhea, candidiasis, or rash.
Side Effects
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to cephalexin or other cephalosporins
- History of severe allergic reaction to penicillin (due to potential cross-reactivity)
Drug Interactions
Metformin
Cephalexin may increase metformin concentrations; monitor for hypoglycemia.
Probenecid
Probenecid can increase and prolong cephalexin plasma levels.
Oral anticoagulants (e.g., Warfarin)
May increase INR; monitor coagulation parameters.
Live bacterial vaccines (e.g., Typhoid)
May reduce the therapeutic effect of the vaccine.
Storage
Store below 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Overdose
Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and hematuria. Management is supportive, including gastric lavage or activated charcoal if recent ingestion, and maintaining hydration. Hemodialysis may be useful in severe cases.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy Category B. Generally considered safe. Small amounts excreted in breast milk; generally considered compatible with breastfeeding, but observe infant for diarrhea, candidiasis, or rash.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about this medicine
Pack Sizes
Shelf Life
Typically 2-3 years from manufacturing date.
Availability
Pharmacies, hospitals, clinics
Approval Status
Approved by regulatory authorities (e.g., FDA, DGDA)
Patent Status
Generic available, original patent expired
WHO Essential Medicine
YesClinical Trials
Extensive clinical trials have established the efficacy and safety of cephalexin for various bacterial infections since its introduction.
Lab Monitoring
- Renal function (creatinine, BUN) for prolonged therapy or in patients with renal impairment.
- Liver function tests (LFTs) if abnormalities are suspected.
Doctor Notes
- Emphasize completion of the full course to prevent resistance.
- Advise patients to report any severe or persistent diarrhea.
- Monitor renal function in elderly or renally impaired patients.
Patient Guidelines
- Complete the full course of treatment even if symptoms improve.
- Do not share your medicine with others.
- Inform your doctor if you experience severe diarrhea or allergic reactions.
Missed Dose Advice
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Driving Precautions
Generally, no known effects on the ability to drive or operate machinery. However, if you experience dizziness or headache, avoid these activities.
Lifestyle Advice
- Maintain good hygiene to prevent reinfection.
- Drink plenty of fluids.
Alternative Medicines in Bangladesh
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Global Brand Names
International brand names for this medicine. Click a brand to search for detailed information.
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